Abstract The Bastar craton in central India, surrounded by cratonic blocks and Paleoproterozoic to Neoproterozoic orogenic belts, is a window to investigate the Archean-Paleoproterozoic crustal evolution and tectonic processes. Here we propose a new tectonic classification of the craton into the Western Bastar Craton (WBC), Eastern Bastar Craton (EBC), and the intervening Central Bastar Orogen (CBO). We present petrologic, geochemical and zircon U-Pb, REE and Lu-Hf data from a suite of rocks from the CBO and along the eastern margin of the WBC Including: (1) volcanic successions comprising meta-andesite and fine-grained amphibolite, representing arc-related volcanics along a convergent margin; (2) ferruginous sandstone, in association with rhyolite, representing a volcano-sedimentary succession, deposited in an active trench; and (3) metamorphosed mafic-ultramafic suite including gabbro, pyroxenite and dunite invaded by trondhjemite representing the section of sub-arc mantle and arc root adjacent to a long-lasting subduction system. Petrologic studies indicate that the mafic-ultramafic suite crystallized from an island arc tholeiitic parental magma in a suprasubduction zone environment. The chondrite-normalized and primitive mantle normalized diagrams of the mafic and ultramafic rocks suggest derivation from MORB magma. The mixed characters from N-MORB to E-MORB of the studied samples are consistent with subduction modification of a MORB related magma, involving partial melting of the metasomatized mantle wedge. Our zircon U-Pb age data suggest that the cratonic nuclei was constructed as early as Paleoarchean. We present evidence for active subduction and arc magmatism through Mesoarchean to Neoarchean and early Paleoproterozoic, with the trench remaining open until at least 2.3 Ga. Two major crust building events are recognized in the Bastar craton: during Mesoarchean (recycled Paleoarchean subduction-related as well as juvenile/depleted mantle components) and Neoarchean (accretion of juvenile oceanic crust, arc magmatism including granite batholiths and related porphyry mineralization). The final cratonization occurred during latest Paleoproterozoic, followed by collisional assembly of the craton and its incorporation within the Peninsular Indian mosaic during Mesoproterozoic. In the global supercontinent context, the craton preserves the history of Ur, the earliest supercontinent, followed by the Paleo-Mesoproterozoic Columbia, as well as minor thermal imprints of the Neoproterozoic Rodinia and associated Grenvillian orogeny.

中文翻译：

---

印度中部巴斯塔克拉通：了解太古代-古元古代地壳演化的窗口

摘要 印度中部巴斯塔克拉通被克拉通地块和古元古代至新元古代造山带包围，是研究太古代-古元古代地壳演化和构造过程的窗口。在这里，我们建议将克拉通的新构造分类为西巴斯塔克拉通 (WBC)、东巴斯塔克拉通 (EBC) 和中间巴斯塔造山带 (CBO)。我们提供了来自 CBO 和 WBC 东缘的一组岩石的岩石学、地球化学和锆石 U-Pb、REE 和 Lu-Hf 数据，包括：(1) 由变安山岩和细粒角闪岩组成的火山序列，代表沿会聚边缘的弧相关火山；(2) 铁质砂岩，与流纹岩结合，代表火山沉积序列，沉积在活动海沟中；(3) 变质的镁铁质-超镁铁质岩套，包括辉长岩、辉石岩和纯长岩，代表了与长期俯冲系统相邻的亚弧地幔和弧根部分。岩石学研究表明，在超俯冲带环境中，从岛弧拉斑岩母岩浆中结晶出的镁铁质-超镁铁质岩套。镁铁质和超镁铁质岩石的球粒陨石归一化和原始地幔归一化图表明源自 MORB 岩浆。研究样品从 N-MORB 到 E-MORB 的混合特征与 MORB 相关岩浆的俯冲改造一致，包括交代地幔楔的部分熔融。我们的锆石 U-Pb 年龄数据表明，克拉通核早在古太古代就已构建。我们提供了从中太古代到新太古代和古元古代早期的活跃俯冲和弧形岩浆活动的证据，海沟保持开放直到至少 2.3 Ga。在巴斯塔克拉通中发现了两个主要的地壳形成事件：在中太古代期间（回收的古太古代俯冲相关以及作为幼年/耗尽地幔成分）和新太古代（幼年洋壳的增生，弧岩浆作用，包括花岗岩基岩和相关的斑岩矿化）。最后的克拉通化发生在最近的古元古代，随后是克拉通的碰撞组装，并在中元古代期间并入印度半岛镶嵌体。在全球超大陆背景下，克拉通保存了最早的超大陆乌尔的历史，其次是古中元古代哥伦比亚，