Triazole resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus is a major cause of clinical inefficacy in the treatment of invasive aspergillosis (IA). The hypothesis that triazole fungicides have driven the development of resistance in A. fumigatus has garnered substantial attention due to the similar structure and global detection of antifungal resistant A. fumigatus (ARAF) isolates in the soil. However, there is little evidence linking the application of triazole fungicides to the emergence of ARAF in the soil. This study was conducted to test if the resistance in A. fumigatus and its associated mutations in cyp51A could be induced by propiconazole in liquid medium and soil. The results indicate that propiconazole can induce resistance by alteration of G138S in cyp51A, and the overexpression of cyp51A, AfuMDR3 and AfuMDR4. G138S in cyp51A was first detected in the soil and associated with resistance. The emergence of the ARAFs in the soil may depends upon the level of propiconazole, and the number of ARAFs in soil treated with propiconazole at 2- and 5-fold dose was much greater than those in soil treated at the recommended dosage. The current data indicate that propiconazole can induce triazole resistance in A. fumigatus and should be applied for agricultural purposes at levels at or below the recommended dosage to avoid the emergence of ARAF in the soil.

烟曲霉中的三唑耐药性是侵袭性曲霉病（IA）治疗临床无效的主要原因。由于三唑类杀菌剂推动了烟曲霉耐药性的发展，这一假说由于在土壤中具有相似的结构和抗真菌耐药烟曲霉（ARAF）分离株的整体检测而备受关注。然而，几乎没有证据表明三唑类杀真菌剂的应用与土壤中ARAF的出现有关。进行这项研究是为了测试烟曲霉的抗药性及其在cyp51A中的相关突变丙环唑可在液体介质和土壤中被诱导。结果表明，丙环唑可以通过改变cyp51A中的G138S以及cyp51A，AfuMDR3和AfuMDR4的过表达来诱导耐药性。cyp51A中的G138S首先在土壤中检测到，并与耐药相关。土壤中ARAF的出现可能取决于丙环唑的水平，用丙环唑2倍和5倍剂量处理过的土壤中的ARAF数量要比建议剂量下处理的土壤中的ARAF数量大得多。当前数据表明丙环唑可诱导烟曲霉对三唑的抗药性 且应以推荐剂量或低于推荐剂量的水平用于农业目的，以避免土壤中出现ARAF。