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The origin of NMDA receptor hypofunction in schizophrenia.
Pharmacology & Therapeutics ( IF 12.0 ) Pub Date : 2019-10-16 , DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.107426
Kazu Nakazawa 1 , Kiran Sapkota 1
Affiliation  

N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor (NMDAR) hypofunction plays a key role in pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Since NMDAR hypofunction has also been reported in autism, Alzheimer's disease and cognitive dementia, it is crucial to identify the location, timing, and mechanism of NMDAR hypofunction for schizophrenia for better understanding of disease etiology and for novel therapeutic intervention. In this review, we first discuss the shared underlying mechanisms of NMDAR hypofunction in NMDAR antagonist models and the anti-NMDAR autoantibody model of schizophrenia and suggest that NMDAR hypofunction could occur in GABAergic neurons in both models. Preclinical models using transgenic mice have shown that NMDAR hypofunction in cortical GABAergic neurons, in particular parvalbumin-positive fast-spiking interneurons, in the early postnatal period confers schizophrenia-related phenotypes. Recent studies suggest that NMDAR hypofunction can also occur in PV-positive GABAergic neurons with alterations of NMDAR-associated proteins, such as neuregulin/ErbB4, α7nAChR, and serine racemase. Furthermore, several environmental factors, such as oxidative stress, kynurenic acid and hypoxia, may also potentially elicit NMDAR hypofunction in GABAergic neurons in early postnatal period. Altogether, the studies discussed here support a central role for GABAergic abnormalities in the context of NMDAR hypofunction. We conclude by suggesting potential therapeutic strategies to improve the function of fast-spiking neurons.

中文翻译:

精神分裂症中NMDA受体功能减退的起源。

N-甲基-d-天冬氨酸(NMDA)受体(NMDAR)功能低下在精神分裂症的病理生理中起关键作用。由于自闭症,阿尔茨海默氏病和认知痴呆中也曾报道过NMDAR功能低下,因此,对于精神分裂症而言,确定NMDAR功能低下的位置,时机和机制至关重要,以便更好地了解疾病病因和进行新的治疗性干预。在这篇综述中,我们首先讨论了精神分裂症的NMDAR拮抗剂模型和抗NMDAR自身抗体模型中NMDAR功能低下的共同潜在机制,并暗示在这两种模型中,GDAR能神经元中都可能发生NMDAR功能低下。使用转基因小鼠的临床前模型表明,皮质GABA能神经元,特别是小白蛋白阳性的快速加标中枢神经元,NMDAR功能低下,产后早期的精神分裂症患者具有与精神分裂症相关的表型。最近的研究表明,NMDAR功能低下也可能发生在PV阳性的GABA能神经元中,并伴有NMDAR相关蛋白(如神经调节蛋白/ ErbB4,α7nAChR和丝氨酸消旋酶)的改变。此外,在出生后早期,一些环境因素,例如氧化应激,犬尿酸和缺氧,也可能引起GABA能神经元的NMDAR功能减退。总之,此处讨论的研究支持NMDAR功能低下对GABA能异常的重要作用。我们通过提出改善快速发作神经元功能的潜在治疗策略来得出结论。最近的研究表明,NMDAR功能低下也可能发生在PV阳性的GABA能神经元中,并伴有NMDAR相关蛋白(如神经调节蛋白/ ErbB4,α7nAChR和丝氨酸消旋酶)的改变。此外,在出生后早期,一些环境因素,例如氧化应激,犬尿酸和缺氧,也可能在GABA能神经元中引起NMDAR功能低下。总之,这里讨论的研究支持NMDAR功能低下对GABA能异常的重要作用。我们通过提出改善快速发作神经元功能的潜在治疗策略来得出结论。最近的研究表明,NMDAR功能低下也可能发生在PV阳性的GABA能神经元中,并伴有NMDAR相关蛋白(如神经调节蛋白/ ErbB4,α7nAChR和丝氨酸消旋酶)的改变。此外,在出生后早期,一些环境因素,例如氧化应激,犬尿酸和缺氧,也可能引起GABA能神经元的NMDAR功能减退。总之,此处讨论的研究支持NMDAR功能低下对GABA能异常的重要作用。我们通过提出改善快速发作神经元功能的潜在治疗策略来得出结论。也可能在出生后早期在GABA能神经元中引起NMDAR功能低下。总之,此处讨论的研究支持NMDAR功能低下对GABA能异常的重要作用。我们通过提出改善快速发作神经元功能的潜在治疗策略来得出结论。也可能在出生后早期在GABA能神经元中引起NMDAR功能低下。总之,此处讨论的研究支持NMDAR功能低下对GABA能异常的重要作用。我们通过提出改善快速发作神经元功能的潜在治疗策略来得出结论。
更新日期:2019-10-17
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