Transcytosis - An effective targeting strategy that is complementary to "EPR effect" for pancreatic cancer nano drug delivery.,Theranostics

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Transcytosis - An effective targeting strategy that is complementary to "EPR effect" for pancreatic cancer nano drug delivery.
Theranostics ( IF 12.4 ) Pub Date : 2019-10-17 , DOI: 10.7150/thno.38587
Xiangsheng Liu _{1,

2} , Jinhong Jiang _{1,

2} , Huan Meng _{1,

2}

Affiliation

Numerous nano drug delivery systems have been developed for preclinical cancer research in the past 15 years with the hope for a fundamental change in oncology. The robust nanotherapeutic research has yielded early-stage clinical products as exemplified by the FDA-approved nano formulations (Abraxane® for paclitaxel and Onyvide® for irinotecan) for the treatment of solid tumors, including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). It is generally believed that enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) plays a key role in nanocarriers' accumulation in preclinical tumor models and is a clinically relevant phenomenon in certain cancer types. However, use of EPR effect as an across-the-board explanation for nanoparticle tumor access is likely over-simplified, particularly in the stroma rich solid tumors such as PDAC. Recently, ample evidences including our own data showed that it is possible to use transcytosis as a major mechanism for PDAC drug delivery. In this mini-review, we summarize the key studies that discuss how transcytosis can be employed to enhance EPR effect in PDAC, and potentially, other cancer malignancies. We also mentioned other vasculature engineering approaches that work beyond the classic EPR effect.

中文翻译：

转胞吞作用——一种有效的靶向策略，与胰腺癌纳米药物递送的“EPR效应”互补。

在过去的 15 年里，人们开发出了许多用于临床前癌症研究的纳米药物输送系统，希望能从根本上改变肿瘤学。强大的纳米治疗研究已经产生了早期临床产品，例如 FDA 批准的纳米制剂（紫杉醇的 Abraxane® 和伊立替康的 Onyvide®）用于治疗实体瘤，包括胰腺导管腺癌 (PDAC)。人们普遍认为，增强渗透性和保留性（EPR）在临床前肿瘤模型中纳米载体的积累中起着关键作用，并且是某些癌症类型的临床相关现象。然而，使用 EPR 效应作为纳米颗粒肿瘤进入的全面解释可能过于简单化，特别是在 PDAC 等基质丰富的实体瘤中。最近，包括我们自己的数据在内的大量证据表明，可以使用转胞吞作用作为 PDAC 药物递送的主要机制。在这篇小综述中，我们总结了一些关键研究，这些研究讨论了如何利用转胞吞作用来增强 PDAC 以及其他癌症恶性肿瘤中的 EPR 效应。我们还提到了超越经典 EPR 效应的其他脉管系统工程方法。

更新日期：2019-10-17

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