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Biarticular muscles are most responsive to upper-body pitch perturbations in human standing.
Scientific Reports ( IF 3.8 ) Pub Date : 2019-10-10 , DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50995-3 Christian Schumacher 1, 2 , Andrew Berry 2 , Daniel Lemus 2 , Christian Rode 3 , André Seyfarth 1 , Heike Vallery 2
Scientific Reports ( IF 3.8 ) Pub Date : 2019-10-10 , DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50995-3 Christian Schumacher 1, 2 , Andrew Berry 2 , Daniel Lemus 2 , Christian Rode 3 , André Seyfarth 1 , Heike Vallery 2
Affiliation
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Balancing the upper body is pivotal for upright and efficient gait. While models have identified potentially useful characteristics of biarticular thigh muscles for postural control of the upper body, experimental evidence for their specific role is lacking. Based on theoretical findings, we hypothesised that biarticular muscle activity would increase strongly in response to upper-body perturbations. To test this hypothesis, we used a novel Angular Momentum Perturbator (AMP) that, in contrast to existing methods, perturbs the upper-body posture with only minimal effect on Centre of Mass (CoM) excursions. The impulse-like AMP torques applied to the trunk of subjects resulted in upper-body pitch deflections of up to 17° with only small CoM excursions below 2 cm. Biarticular thigh muscles (biceps femoris long head and rectus femoris) showed the strongest increase in muscular activity (mid- and long-latency reflexes, starting 100 ms after perturbation onset) of all eight measured leg muscles which highlights the importance of biarticular muscles for restoring upper-body balance. These insights could be used for improving technological aids like rehabilitation or assistive devices, and the effectiveness of physical training for fall prevention e.g. for elderly people.
中文翻译：
双关节肌肉对人体站立时的上身音高扰动最敏感。
平衡上身对于直立和高效步态至关重要。虽然模型已经确定了双关节大腿肌肉对上身的姿势控制可能有用的特征，但缺乏有关其特定作用的实验证据。根据理论发现，我们假设双关节肌肉活动会因上身摄动而强烈增加。为了验证这一假设，我们使用了一种新颖的角动量微扰器（AMP），与现有方法相比，它扰动了上身姿势，而对质心（CoM）偏移的影响很小。施加在受试者躯干上的类似脉冲的AMP扭矩导致上身俯仰偏转高达17°，只有2 cm以下的小CoM偏移。双关节大腿肌肉（股二头肌长头和股直肌）表现出所有八种测得的腿部肌肉中最活跃的肌肉活动（中度和长时延反射，开始于摄动后100毫秒），突显了双关节肌肉对于恢复肌肉的重要性上身平衡。这些见解可用于改善诸如康复或辅助设备之类的技术辅助手段，以及体育锻炼对预防跌倒（例如，老年人）的有效性。
更新日期：2019-10-10
中文翻译：
双关节肌肉对人体站立时的上身音高扰动最敏感。
平衡上身对于直立和高效步态至关重要。虽然模型已经确定了双关节大腿肌肉对上身的姿势控制可能有用的特征，但缺乏有关其特定作用的实验证据。根据理论发现，我们假设双关节肌肉活动会因上身摄动而强烈增加。为了验证这一假设，我们使用了一种新颖的角动量微扰器（AMP），与现有方法相比，它扰动了上身姿势，而对质心（CoM）偏移的影响很小。施加在受试者躯干上的类似脉冲的AMP扭矩导致上身俯仰偏转高达17°，只有2 cm以下的小CoM偏移。双关节大腿肌肉（股二头肌长头和股直肌）表现出所有八种测得的腿部肌肉中最活跃的肌肉活动（中度和长时延反射，开始于摄动后100毫秒），突显了双关节肌肉对于恢复肌肉的重要性上身平衡。这些见解可用于改善诸如康复或辅助设备之类的技术辅助手段，以及体育锻炼对预防跌倒（例如，老年人）的有效性。
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