人星形胶质细胞和NG2胶质细胞的特性。,Glia

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人星形胶质细胞和NG2胶质细胞的特性。
Glia ( IF 5.4 ) Pub Date : 2019-10-09 , DOI: 10.1002/glia.23725
Peter Bedner ₁ , Ronald Jabs ₁ , Christian Steinhäuser ₁

Affiliation

由于动物模型对于医学研究是不可避免的，因此关于胶质细胞特性的物种差异的信息对于成功的转化研究至关重要。在这里，我们回顾了有关人类星形胶质细胞和NG2胶质细胞的形态和功能特性的最新知识，并将这些数据与在啮齿类动物中可比细胞获得的数据进行了比较。啮齿动物和人类新皮层中星形胶质细胞的形态学分析显示出明显的差异。相反，这些物种中的星形胶质细胞或NG2胶质细胞的功能特性令人惊讶地相似。但是，应谨慎解释这些发现，因为到目前为止，只能从新皮层和海马体获得人类细胞的功能分析，从啮齿动物的研究中得知，不同大脑区域的星形胶质细胞特性可能有很大差异。此外，技术挑战使星形胶质细胞的电生理测量就地不可靠，药物可能会影响人类细胞的特性。然而，根据目前可获得的有限数据，就迄今为止研究的那些功能特性而言，人类和啮齿动物星形胶质细胞之间存在着很大的相似性。人新皮层中星形胶质细胞的独特形态特征需要进一步的生理分析。关于物种差异的问题，NG2胶质细胞的基本特性甚至还没有得到完全评估，但是到目前为止，还没有报道过明显的差异。综上所述，

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Properties of human astrocytes and NG2 glia.

Since animal models are inevitable for medical research, information on species differences in glial cell properties is critical for successful translational research. Here, we review current knowledge about morphological and functional properties of human astrocytes and NG2 glial cells and compare these data with those obtained for the comparable cells in rodents. Morphological analyses of astrocytes in the neocortex of rodents versus humans have demonstrated clear differences. In contrast, the functional properties of astrocytes or NG2 glial cells in these species are surprisingly similar. However, these findings should be interpreted with caution, as so far functional analyses of human cells are only available from neocortex and hippocampus, and it is known from rodent studies that the properties of astrocytes in different brain regions may vary considerably. Moreover, technical challenges render astrocyte electrophysiological measurements in situ unreliable, and human cell properties may be affected by medications. Nevertheless, based on the limited data currently available, there is substantial similarity between human and rodent astrocytes with regard to those functional properties studied to date. The unique morphological characteristics of astrocytes in human neocortex call for further physiological analysis. The basic properties for NG2 glia are even less completely evaluated with regard to the question of species differences but no glaring differences have been reported so far. In conclusion, it remains justifiable to employ mouse or rat models to investigate the etiology of human CNS diseases that might involve astrocytes or NG2 glia.

更新日期：2019-10-10

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