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Organization of Chromatin by Intrinsic and Regulated Phase Separation
Cell ( IF 45.5 ) Pub Date : 2019-09-19 , DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.08.037 Bryan A Gibson 1 , Lynda K Doolittle 1 , Maximillian W G Schneider 2 , Liv E Jensen 3 , Nathan Gamarra 3 , Lisa Henry 1 , Daniel W Gerlich 2 , Sy Redding 3 , Michael K Rosen 1
Cell ( IF 45.5 ) Pub Date : 2019-09-19 , DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.08.037 Bryan A Gibson 1 , Lynda K Doolittle 1 , Maximillian W G Schneider 2 , Liv E Jensen 3 , Nathan Gamarra 3 , Lisa Henry 1 , Daniel W Gerlich 2 , Sy Redding 3 , Michael K Rosen 1
Affiliation
Eukaryotic chromatin is highly condensed but dynamically accessible to regulation and organized into subdomains. We demonstrate that reconstituted chromatin undergoes histone tail-driven liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) in physiologic salt and when microinjected into cell nuclei, producing dense and dynamic droplets. Linker histone H1 and internucleosome linker lengths shared across eukaryotes promote phase separation of chromatin, tune droplet properties, and coordinate to form condensates of consistent density in manners that parallel chromatin behavior in cells. Histone acetylation by p300 antagonizes chromatin phase separation, dissolving droplets and decreasing droplet formation in nuclei. In the presence of multi-bromodomain proteins, such as BRD4, highly acetylated chromatin forms a new phase-separated state with droplets of distinct physical properties, which can be immiscible with unmodified chromatin droplets, mimicking nuclear chromatin subdomains. Our data suggest a framework, based on intrinsic phase separation of the chromatin polymer, for understanding the organization and regulation of eukaryotic genomes.
中文翻译:
通过内在和调节相分离组织染色质
真核染色质高度浓缩,但可动态调节并组织成子结构域。我们证明,重构的染色质在生理盐中经历组蛋白尾驱动的液-液相分离(LLPS),并且当显微注射到细胞核中时,产生致密且动态的液滴。真核生物之间共享的连接组蛋白 H1 和核小体间连接长度促进染色质的相分离,调整液滴特性,并以与细胞中染色质行为平行的方式协调形成一致密度的冷凝物。 p300 的组蛋白乙酰化会拮抗染色质相分离,溶解液滴并减少细胞核中液滴的形成。在多溴结构域蛋白(例如 BRD4)存在的情况下,高度乙酰化的染色质形成一种新的相分离状态,具有不同物理特性的液滴,可以与未修饰的染色质液滴不混溶,模仿核染色质子域。我们的数据提出了一个基于染色质聚合物固有相分离的框架,用于理解真核基因组的组织和调节。
更新日期:2019-09-19
中文翻译:
通过内在和调节相分离组织染色质
真核染色质高度浓缩,但可动态调节并组织成子结构域。我们证明,重构的染色质在生理盐中经历组蛋白尾驱动的液-液相分离(LLPS),并且当显微注射到细胞核中时,产生致密且动态的液滴。真核生物之间共享的连接组蛋白 H1 和核小体间连接长度促进染色质的相分离,调整液滴特性,并以与细胞中染色质行为平行的方式协调形成一致密度的冷凝物。 p300 的组蛋白乙酰化会拮抗染色质相分离,溶解液滴并减少细胞核中液滴的形成。在多溴结构域蛋白(例如 BRD4)存在的情况下,高度乙酰化的染色质形成一种新的相分离状态,具有不同物理特性的液滴,可以与未修饰的染色质液滴不混溶,模仿核染色质子域。我们的数据提出了一个基于染色质聚合物固有相分离的框架,用于理解真核基因组的组织和调节。