In this paper, flexible conductive carbon black (CB)/thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) foam (CTF) with an intriguing pinnate-veined aligned porous structure was fabricated via a unidirectional freeze-drying process. The density, porosity and average pore size of the composite foam are 0.13 g cm^-3, 83.7% and 24.9 μm, respectively. CB particles are uniformly dispersed in the skeleton of the as-prepared foam, resulting in a low percolation threshold of 0.48 vol. %. The CTF is capable of distinguishing different compressive strain by change of the relative resistance. Its responsive behaviors towards compressive strain present an excellent linear characteristic with a high gauge factor (GF) up to 1.55. In the piezoresistive tests, the CTF shows a fast response/relaxation time (150/150 ms), fascinating recoverability, excellent response stability within a wide workable detection range up to 80% strain (corresponding pressure of 584.4 kPa) and a superior durability (>10000 cycles), which is mainly related to the pinnate-veined aligned porous structure along the orientation direction. The CTF was then assembled as a wearable sensor to monitor various human motions such as arm bending, squatting, tiptoeing, etc., showing good detection performances. The sensor can also deal with water pollution through oil/water separation, suggesting its multifunctionality and promising prospects in complicated situations.

本文通过单向冷冻干燥工艺制备了具有吸引人的羽状脉状排列的多孔结构的柔性导电炭黑（CB）/热塑性聚氨酯（TPU）泡沫（CTF）。复合泡沫的密度，孔隙率和平均孔径为0.13 g cm ^-3分别为83.7％和24.9μm。CB颗粒均匀地分散在制备好的泡沫的骨架中，导致0.48 vol。的低渗透阈值。％。CTF能够通过相对电阻的变化来区分不同的压缩应变。它对压缩应变的响应行为具有出色的线性特性，高达1.55的高应变系数（GF）。在压阻测试中，CTF显示出快速的响应/松弛时间（150/150 ms），令人着迷的可恢复性，在高达80％的应变（对应的压力为584.4 kPa）的宽工作检测范围内出色的响应稳定性以及出色的耐久性（ > 10000次循环），这主要与沿取向方向的羽状脉排列的多孔结构有关。然后将CTF组装为可穿戴传感器，以监视各种人体运动，例如手臂弯曲，蹲下，tip起脚尖等，显示出良好的检测性能。该传感器还可以通过油/水分离处理水污染，表明其多功能性以及在复杂情况下的前景广阔。