This work demonstrates a kind of lignin-derived carbon/zinc oxide (LDC/ZnO) composite prepared through a facile electrostatic self-assembling carbonization process. Solidification of the lignin/zinc oxalate precursor results in zinc oxalate (ZnC₂O₄) crystalizing in lignin. The crystalized ZnC₂O₄ particle acts as both catalysts and activators during the high-temperature carbonization process. The prepared LDC/ZnO composites show a unique 3D porous framework structure, where ZnO nanoparticles are enchased by the lignin-derived carbon nanosheets. The LDC/ZnO composites show a high pore volume, large specific surface area, and high electrical conductivity, thus demonstrating excellent electrochemical properties. LDC/ZnO-700 displays a high gravimetric capacitance (193 F·g^–1 at 0.5 A·g^–1), outstanding durability, and superior rate capability in a two-electrode system using the polyvinyl alcohol/KOH gel as the electrolyte. The capacitance is still maintained as 161 F g^–1 at 2.0 A·g^–1 after 10 000 cycles. This article provides a simple approach for preparing a lignin-derived carbon composite for energy storage and also a new way for lignin valorization.

中文翻译：

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易于静电自组装的高性能高性能超级电容器的三维多孔骨架木质素衍生碳/ ZnO复合材料的制备

这项工作证明了一种通过简便的静电自组装碳化工艺制备的木质素衍生的碳/氧化锌（LDC / ZnO）复合材料。木质素/草酸锌前体的固化导致草酸锌（ZnC ₂ O ₄）在木质素中结晶。结晶的ZnC ₂ O ₄在高温碳化过程中，颗粒既充当催化剂又充当活化剂。制备的LDC / ZnO复合材料显示出独特的3D多孔骨架结构，其中ZnO纳米颗粒被木质素衍生的碳纳米片迷住了。LDC / ZnO复合材料显示出高的孔体积，大的比表面积和高的电导率，因此显示出优异的电化学性能。LDC / ZnO类700显示高重量电容（193·F·克^-1 0.5 A·克^-1），优秀的耐久性，以及优异的倍率能力，使用聚乙烯醇/ KOH凝胶作为电解质的双电极系统。电容仍然保持为161 F G ^-1 2.0 A·^克-1一万次循环后。本文提供了一种简单的方法来制备木质素衍生的碳复合材料用于储能，并且提供了一种新的木质素增值方法。