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Single Site Cobalt Substitution in 2D Molybdenum Carbide (MXene) Enhances Catalytic Activity in the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Journal of the American Chemical Society ( IF 14.4 ) Pub Date : 2019-09-20 , DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b08897
Denis A Kuznetsov 1 , Zixuan Chen 1 , Priyank V Kumar 2 , Athanasia Tsoukalou 1 , Agnieszka Kierzkowska 1 , Paula M Abdala 1 , Olga V Safonova 3 , Alexey Fedorov 1 , Christoph R Müller 1
Affiliation  

Two dimensional (2D) carbides, nitrides and carbonitrides known as MXenes are emerging materials with a wealth of useful applications. How-ever, the range of metals capable of forming stable MXenes is limited mostly to early transition metals of groups 3-6, making the exploration of properties inherent to mid or late transition metal MXenes very challenging. To circumvent the thermodynamic instability of MXene phases derived from mid-to-late transition metals, we have developed a synthetic strategy that allows the incorporation of such transition metal sites into a host MXene matrix. Here, we report the structural characterization of a Mo2CTx:Co phase (where Tx are O, OH and F surface terminations) that is obtained from a cobalt-substituted bulk molybdenum carbide (β-Mo2C:Co) material through a two-step synthesis: first an intercalation of gallium yielding Mo2Ga2C:Co (MAX phase) followed by removal of Ga via HF treatment. Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) analysis confirms that Co atoms occupy Mo positions in the Mo2CTx lattice, providing isolated Co centers without any detectable formation of other cobalt-containing phases. The beneficial effect of cobalt substitution on the redox properties of Mo2CTx:Co is manifested in a substantially improved hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity, as compared to the unsubstituted Mo2CTx catalyst. Density functional theory (DFT) cal-culations attribute the enhanced HER kinetics of Mo2CTx:Co to the favorable binding of hydrogen on the oxygen terminated MXene surface that is strongly influenced by the substitution of Mo by Co in the Mo2CTx lattice. In addition to the remarkable HER activity, Mo2CTx:Co features ex-cellent operational and structural stability, on par with the best performing non-noble metal-based HER catalysts. Overall, our work expands the compositional space of the MXene family by introducing a material with site-isolated cobalt centers embedded in the stable matrix of Mo2CTx. The synthetic approach presented here illustrates that tailoring the properties of MXenes for a specific application can be achieved via substitution of the host metal sites by mid or late transition metals.

中文翻译:

二维碳化钼 (MXene) 中的单位点钴取代增强了析氢反应中的催化活性

被称为 MXene 的二维 (2D) 碳化物、氮化物和碳氮化物是具有大量有用应用的新兴材料。然而,能够形成稳定 MXene 的金属范围主要限于第 3-6 族的早期过渡金属,这使得探索中或晚期过渡金属 MXene 固有的特性非常具有挑战性。为了规避源自中晚期过渡金属的 MXene 相的热力学不稳定性,我们开发了一种合成策略,允许将此类过渡金属位点并入宿主 MXene 基质中。在这里,我们报告了 Mo2CTx:Co 相(其中 Tx 是 O、OH 和 F 表面终端)的结构表征,该相是通过两步合成从钴取代的块状碳化钼(β-Mo2C:Co)材料中获得的:首先插入镓产生 Mo2Ga2C:Co(MAX 相),然后通过 HF 处理去除 Ga。扩展 X 射线吸收精细结构 (EXAFS) 分析证实 Co 原子占据 Mo2CTx 晶格中的 Mo 位置,提供孤立的 Co 中心,而没有任何可检测到的其他含钴相的形成。与未取代的 Mo2CTx 催化剂相比,钴取代对 Mo2CTx:Co 氧化还原性能的有益影响体现在显着提高的析氢反应 (HER) 活性。密度泛函理论 (DFT) 计算将 Mo2CTx:Co 增强的 HER 动力学归因于氢在氧终止的 MXene 表面上的有利结合,这受到 Mo2CTx 晶格中 Mo 被 Co 取代的强烈影响。除了显着的 HER 活性外,Mo2CTx:Co 具有出色的操作和结构稳定性,可与性能最佳的非贵金属基 HER 催化剂相媲美。总体而言,我们的工作通过引入一种具有嵌入 Mo2CTx 稳定基质中的位点隔离钴中心的材料,扩展了 MXene 家族的组成空间。这里提出的合成方法表明,可以通过用中过渡金属或后过渡金属替代主体金属位点来为特定应用定制 MXenes 的特性。
更新日期:2019-09-20
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