Abstract Many South-East Asian bird species are in rapid decline due to offtake for the cage-bird trade, a phenomenon driven largely by consumption in Indonesia and labelled the ‘Asian Songbird Crisis’. Interventions aimed at reducing this offtake require an understanding of the spatial and temporal dynamics of the trade. We surveyed the bird-keeping habits of over 3000 households from 92 urban and rural communities across six provinces on Java, Indonesia, and compared prevalence and patterns of bird-keeping with those from surveys undertaken a decade ago. We estimate that one-third of Java's 36 million households keep 66–84 million cage-birds. Despite over half of all birds owned being non-native species, predominantly lovebirds (Agapornis spp.), the majority of bird-keepers (76%) owned native species. Ownership levels were significantly higher in urban than rural areas, and were particularly high in the eastern provinces of the island. Overall levels of bird ownership have increased over the past decade, and species composition has changed. Notably, lovebirds showed a seven-fold increase in popularity while ownership of genera including groups with globally threatened species such as leafbirds (Chloropsis spp.) and white-eyes (Zosterops spp.) also rose sharply. The volume of some locally threatened birds estimated to be in ownership (e.g., >3 million White-rumped Shama Kittacincla malabarica) cannot have been supplied from Java's forests and research on supply from other islands and Java's growing commercial breeding industry is a priority. Determining temporal and spatial patterns of ownership is a crucial first step towards finding solutions to this persistent, pervasive and adaptive threat to the regional avifauna.

中文翻译：

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推动亚洲鸣禽危机的消费者需求时空动态

摘要 由于笼鸟贸易的承购，许多东南亚鸟类正在迅速减少，这一现象主要是由印度尼西亚的消费驱动的，并被称为“亚洲鸣禽危机”。旨在减少这种承担的干预措施需要了解贸易的空间和时间动态。我们调查了印度尼西亚爪哇岛六个省 92 个城乡社区 3000 多户的养鸟习惯，并将养鸟的流行率和模式与十年前进行的调查进行了比较。我们估计爪哇的 3600 万户家庭中有三分之一饲养着 66-8400 万只笼养鸟。尽管拥有的所有鸟类中有超过一半是非本地物种，主要是爱情鸟 (Agapornis spp.)，但大多数鸟类饲养者 (76%) 拥有本地物种。城市地区的所有权水平明显高于农村地区，岛上东部省份的所有权水平尤其高。在过去十年中，鸟类拥有的总体水平有所增加，物种构成也发生了变化。值得注意的是，爱情鸟的受欢迎程度增加了七倍，而包括叶鸟（Chloropsis spp.）和白眼鸟（Zosterops spp.）等全球受威胁物种在内的属的所有权也急剧上升。估计拥有的一些当地受威胁鸟类的数量（例如，> 300 万只白腰 Shama Kittacincla malabarica）无法从爪哇的森林供应，而对来自其他岛屿和爪哇不断增长的商业养殖业的供应的研究是当务之急。