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Mycelial Effects on Phage Retention during Transport in a Microfluidic Platform
Environmental Science & Technology ( IF 10.8 ) Pub Date : 2019-09-30 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b03502 Nawras Ghanem 1 , Claire E. Stanley 2 , Hauke Harms 1, 3 , Antonis Chatzinotas 1, 3 , Lukas Y. Wick 1
Environmental Science & Technology ( IF 10.8 ) Pub Date : 2019-09-30 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b03502 Nawras Ghanem 1 , Claire E. Stanley 2 , Hauke Harms 1, 3 , Antonis Chatzinotas 1, 3 , Lukas Y. Wick 1
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Phages (i.e., viruses that infect bacteria) have been considered as good tracers for the hydrological transport of colloids and (pathogenic) viruses. However, little is known about interactions of phages with (fungal) mycelia as the prevalent soil microbial biomass. Forming extensive and dense networks, mycelia provide significant surfaces for phage–hyphal interactions. Here, for the first time, we quantified the mycelial retention of phages in a microfluidic platform that allowed for defined fluid exchange around hyphae. Two common lytic tracer phages (Escherichia coli phage T4 and marine phage PSA-HS2) and two mycelia of differing surface properties (Coprinopsis cinerea and Pythium ultimum) were employed. Phage–hyphal interaction energies were approximated by the extended Derjaguin–Landau–Verwey–Overbeek (XDLVO) approach of colloidal interaction. Our data show initial hyphal retention of phages of up to ≈4 × 107 plaque-forming unit (PFU) mm–2 (≈2550 PFU mm–2 s–1) with a retention efficiency depending on the hyphal and, to a lesser extent, the phage surface properties. Experimental data were supported by XDLVO calculations, which revealed the highest attractive forces for the interaction between hydrophobic T4 phages and hydrophobic C. cinerea surfaces. Our data suggest that mycelia may be relevant for the retention of phages in the subsurface and need to be considered in subsurface phage tracer studies. Mycelia–phage interactions may further be exploited for the development of novel strategies to reduce or hinder the transport of undesirable (bio) colloidal entities in environmental filter systems.
中文翻译：
菌丝体在微流控平台上运输过程中对噬菌体保留的影响。
噬菌体（即感染细菌的病毒）已被视为胶体和（致病性）病毒的水文运输的良好示踪剂。然而，关于噬菌体与（真菌）菌丝体作为普遍的土壤微生物生物量的相互作用所知甚少。菌丝形成广泛而密集的网络，为噬菌体与菌丝的相互作用提供了重要的表面。在这里，我们首次量化了微流平台中噬菌体的菌丝体保留能力，从而可以在菌丝周围进行明确的流体交换。两种常见的裂解示踪噬菌体（大肠杆菌噬菌体T4和海洋噬菌体PSA-HS2）和两种具有不同表面特性的菌丝体（灰霉菌和终极腐霉））被雇用。通过扩展的Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek（XDLVO）胶体相互作用方法，可以估算噬菌体与菌丝的相互作用能。我们的数据显示，噬菌体的初始菌丝保留率高达≈4×10 7噬菌斑形成单位（PFU）mm –2（≈2550PFU mm –2 s –1），其保留效率取决于菌丝，较小程度，噬菌体的表面性质。实验数据通过XDLVO计算，这揭示了最高吸引力用于疏水性T4噬菌体和疏水之间的相互作用支持C.孢表面。我们的数据表明，菌丝体可能与噬菌体在地下的保留有关，需要在地下噬菌体示踪剂研究中加以考虑。菌丝体-噬菌体的相互作用可进一步用于开发新的策略，以减少或阻碍环境过滤器系统中不良（生物）胶体的运输。
更新日期：2019-10-01
中文翻译：
菌丝体在微流控平台上运输过程中对噬菌体保留的影响。
噬菌体（即感染细菌的病毒）已被视为胶体和（致病性）病毒的水文运输的良好示踪剂。然而，关于噬菌体与（真菌）菌丝体作为普遍的土壤微生物生物量的相互作用所知甚少。菌丝形成广泛而密集的网络，为噬菌体与菌丝的相互作用提供了重要的表面。在这里，我们首次量化了微流平台中噬菌体的菌丝体保留能力，从而可以在菌丝周围进行明确的流体交换。两种常见的裂解示踪噬菌体（大肠杆菌噬菌体T4和海洋噬菌体PSA-HS2）和两种具有不同表面特性的菌丝体（灰霉菌和终极腐霉））被雇用。通过扩展的Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek（XDLVO）胶体相互作用方法，可以估算噬菌体与菌丝的相互作用能。我们的数据显示，噬菌体的初始菌丝保留率高达≈4×10 7噬菌斑形成单位（PFU）mm –2（≈2550PFU mm –2 s –1），其保留效率取决于菌丝，较小程度，噬菌体的表面性质。实验数据通过XDLVO计算，这揭示了最高吸引力用于疏水性T4噬菌体和疏水之间的相互作用支持C.孢表面。我们的数据表明，菌丝体可能与噬菌体在地下的保留有关，需要在地下噬菌体示踪剂研究中加以考虑。菌丝体-噬菌体的相互作用可进一步用于开发新的策略，以减少或阻碍环境过滤器系统中不良（生物）胶体的运输。
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