Nature Geoscience ( IF 15.7 ) Pub Date : 2019-09-16 , DOI: 10.1038/s41561-019-0446-z Andreas Stracke , Felix Genske , Jasper Berndt , Janne M. Koornneef
Partial melting of Earth’s mantle generates oceanic crust and leaves behind a chemically depleted residual mantle. The time-integrated composition of this chemically depleted mantle is generally inferred from basalts produced at mid-ocean ridges. However, isotopic differences between oceanic mantle rocks and mid-ocean ridge basalts suggest that mantle and basalt composition could differ. Here we measure neodymium isotope ratios in olivine-hosted melt inclusions from lavas of the Azores mantle plume. We find neodymium isotope ratios that include the highest values measured in basalts, and suggest that melts from ultra-depleted mantle contribute to the isotopic diversity of the erupted lavas. Ultra-depleted melts have exceedingly low preservation potential during magma extraction and evolution due to progressive mixing with melts that are enriched in incompatible elements. A notable contribution of ultra-depleted melts to the Azores mantle plume therefore implies that variably depleted mantle is the volumetrically dominant component of the Azores plume. We argue that variably depleted mantle, sometimes ranging to ultra-depleted compositions, may be a ubiquitous part of most ocean island and mid-ocean ridge basalt sources. If so, Earth’s mantle may be more depleted than previously thought, which has important implications for the rate of mass exchange between crust and mantle, plume dynamics and compositional stratification of Earth’s mantle.
中文翻译:
地球地幔中无处不在的超耗尽域
地球地幔的部分融化会产生大洋地壳,并留下化学贫化的残留地幔。这种化学贫化地幔的时间积分成分通常是从洋中脊产生的玄武岩推断出来的。但是,海洋地幔岩石和中海脊玄武岩之间的同位素差异表明,地幔和玄武岩的组成可能不同。在这里,我们测量了亚速尔群岛地幔柱熔岩中橄榄石质熔体包裹体中的钕同位素比率。我们发现钕同位素比值包括在玄武岩中测得的最高值,并表明超枯竭地幔的熔体有助于喷发熔岩的同位素多样性。由于与富含不相容元素的熔体逐步混合,超贫熔体在岩浆提取和演化过程中具有极低的保存潜力。因此,超耗尽熔体对亚速尔群岛地幔羽流的显着贡献意味着亚速尔群岛羽流的体积占主导地位的成分是可变地耗尽的地幔。我们认为,不同程度的地幔,有时甚至是超耗尽的成分,可能是大多数海洋岛和中海脊玄武岩源中普遍存在的部分。如果这样的话,地球的地幔可能比以前想象的更枯竭,这对地壳与地幔之间的质量交换率,羽流动力学和地球地幔的成分分层具有重要意义。因此,超耗尽熔体对亚速尔群岛地幔羽流的显着贡献意味着亚速尔群岛羽流在体积上占主导地位。我们认为,不同程度的地幔,有时甚至是超耗尽的成分,可能是大多数海洋岛和中海脊玄武岩源中普遍存在的部分。如果这样的话,地球的地幔可能比以前想象的更枯竭,这对地壳与地幔之间的质量交换率,羽流动力学和地球地幔的成分分层具有重要意义。因此,超耗尽熔体对亚速尔群岛地幔羽流的显着贡献意味着亚速尔群岛羽流的体积占主导地位的成分是可变地耗尽的地幔。我们认为,不同程度的地幔,有时甚至是超耗尽的成分,可能是大多数海洋岛和中海脊玄武岩源中普遍存在的部分。如果这样的话,地球的地幔可能比以前想象的更枯竭,这对地壳与地幔之间的质量交换率,羽流动力学和地球地幔的成分分层具有重要意义。可能是大多数海洋岛和中海脊玄武岩源中普遍存在的部分。如果这样的话,地球的地幔可能比以前想象的更枯竭,这对地壳与地幔之间的质量交换率,羽流动力学和地球地幔的成分分层具有重要意义。可能是大多数海洋岛和中海脊玄武岩源中普遍存在的部分。如果这样的话,地球的地幔可能比以前想象的更枯竭,这对地壳与地幔之间的质量交换率,羽流动力学和地球地幔的成分分层具有重要意义。