Glucocorticoid hormones, end products of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, virtually influence all human functions both in a basal homeostatic condition and under stress. The glucocorticoid receptor (GR), a nuclear hormone receptor superfamily protein, mediates these actions of glucocorticoids by acting as a ligand-dependent transcription factor. Because glucocorticoid actions are diverse and strong, many biological pathways adjust them in local tissues by targeting the GR signaling pathway as part of the regulatory loop coordinating complex human functions. Phosphorylation of GR protein by serine/threonine kinases is one of the major regulatory mechanisms for this communication. In this review, recent progress in research investigating GR phosphorylation by these kinases is discussed, along with the possible physiologic and pathophysiologic implications.

中文翻译：

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GR 调节丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶：新的生理和病理意义

糖皮质激素是下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴的终产物，在基础稳态和压力下几乎影响所有人类功能。糖皮质激素受体 (GR) 是一种核激素受体超家族蛋白，通过充当配体依赖性转录因子来介导糖皮质激素的这些作用。由于糖皮质激素作用多样且强大，许多生物途径通过靶向 GR 信号通路作为协调复杂人类功能的调节回路的一部分在局部组织中调节它们。丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶对 GR 蛋白的磷酸化是这种通讯的主要调节机制之一。在这篇综述中，讨论了研究这些激酶的 GR 磷酸化的最新进展，