Abstract Rational construction of crystalline/amorphous tungsten trioxide core/shell nanowire arrays have been obtained by combing solvothermal and magnetron sputtering techniques. High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) characterization results reveal that the core/shell nanowires are composed of single crystal hexagonal tungsten trioxide nanocores sheathed with amorphous tungsten trioxide nanoshells. By the well-controlled sputtering technique, the thickness of the amorphous WO3 nanoshell can be precisely modulated which determines evidently electrochromic properties of the core/shell nanostructure. The optimized core/shell nanowires display exceptional electrochromic properties of high optical contrast (84.5% at 633 nm and 80.0% at 1500 nm), fast switching speeds (1.2 s for bleaching and 3.6 s for coloring)，high coloration efficiency (83.6 cm2/C at 633 nm) and exceptional cycle stability (91.9% after 3000 cycles). The enhanced performance can be attributed to the complementary advantages of the crystalline nanocores and the well-defined amorphous nanoshells as well as their interface interaction. The strategy of synthesizing crystalline/amorphous core-shell nanoarrays proposes a reliable solution to produce high performance electrochromic materials and devices such as energy saving smart window, outdoor static displays and other energy-efficient applications.

中文翻译：

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晶体 WO3 纳米线阵列被溅射的非晶壳包裹，以提高电致变色性能

摘要 结合溶剂热和磁控溅射技术，合理构建了晶态/非晶态三氧化钨核/壳纳米线阵列。高分辨率透射电子显微镜 (HRTEM) 和 X 射线衍射 (XRD) 表征结果表明，核/壳纳米线由单晶六方三氧化钨纳米核和无定形三氧化钨纳米壳包裹而成。通过控制良好的溅射技术，可以精确调节无定形 WO3 纳米壳的厚度，这决定了核/壳纳米结构的明显电致变色性能。优化的核/壳纳米线显示出​​优异的电致变色特性，包括高光学对比度（633 nm 处为 84.5%，1500 nm 处为 80.0%）、快速切换速度（漂白 1.2 秒和 3. 6 秒着色），高着色效率（83.6 cm2/C at 633 nm）和卓越的循环稳定性（3000 次循环后 91.9%）。增强的性能可归因于结晶纳米核和明确定义的非晶纳米壳的互补优势以及它们的界面相互作用。合成晶体/非晶核壳纳米阵列的策略为生产高性能电致变色材料和设备（如节能智能窗、户外静态显示器和其他节能应用）提供了可靠的解决方案。增强的性能可归因于结晶纳米核和明确定义的非晶纳米壳的互补优势以及它们的界面相互作用。合成晶体/非晶核壳纳米阵列的策略为生产高性能电致变色材料和设备（如节能智能窗、户外静态显示器和其他节能应用）提供了可靠的解决方案。增强的性能可归因于结晶纳米核和明确定义的非晶纳米壳的互补优势以及它们的界面相互作用。合成晶体/非晶核壳纳米阵列的策略为生产高性能电致变色材料和设备（如节能智能窗、户外静态显示器和其他节能应用）提供了可靠的解决方案。