We visualize the dynamics of immiscible displacement of a high viscosity wetting phase by a low viscosity non-wetting phase in a three-dimensional (3D) glass bead packing using confocal microscopy. Both phases were doped with two different fluorescent dyes, which enabled visualization of both phases simultaneously and quantification of the phase volumes without the need of image subtraction operations. The transient results show details of the displacement process and how pores are invaded by the non-wetting displacing phase. The static images at the end of the displacement process reveal how the trapped ganglia volume and morphology change with capillary number. The wetting phase is trapped as pendular rings spanning one to multiple pore necks. Details of the pore scale flow of oil wet media revealed with the experimental methods presented here can lead to better fundamental understanding of the physical processes and optimized enhanced oil recovery methods, CO₂ sequestration and aquifer remediation.

我们使用共聚焦显微镜在三维（3D）玻璃珠填料中可视化了低粘度非润湿相通过低粘度非润湿相的高粘度润湿相的不混溶置换动力学。两个相都掺杂了两种不同的荧光染料，这使得可以同时可视化两个相并量化相体积，而无需进行图像减法运算。瞬态结果显示了置换过程的详细信息以及非润湿置换相如何侵入孔隙。位移过程结束时的静态图像显示，被捕获的神经节体积和形态如何随毛细血管数目而变化。润湿阶段被捕获为一个跨过一个到多个孔颈的摆环。₂封存和含水层修复。