Organic batteries have attracted much attention because of their flexibility, high-power densities, and highly designable structures of electrode-active materials. The electrochemical potential of the batteries can be modulated using different organic redox species or by structural modification of the redox unit centers. In this study, the electrochemical potential of lithium organic radical batteries is modulated, without the structural modification of the redox unit centers. Two different crown ethers, 12-crown-4 (12C4) and 15-crown-5 (15C5), served as electrolyte additives to increase the electrochemical potential of the batteries. An average discharge voltage can be increased to 3.90 V through the electrolyte system using various concentrations of the electrolyte salt and crown ethers. The addition of 1 equiv of 12C4 to the Li|0.25 M LiClO₄-ethylene carbonate/diethyl carbonate (= 1/1, v/v|poly(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxy-4-yl methacrylate) cells significantly improved the capacity retention up to 21% after 300 cycles at a current rate of 3C. Furthermore, the structures and system energies of the lithium–crown ether complexes are investigated using density functional theory calculations.

中文翻译：

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冠醚作为电解质添加剂来调节锂有机电池的电化学势

有机电池由于其柔韧性，高功率密度和高度可设计的电极活性材料结构而备受关注。可以使用不同的有机氧化还原物质或通过氧化还原单元中心的结构修饰来调节电池的电化学势。在这项研究中，对锂有机自由基电池的电化学势进行了调节，而无需对氧化还原单元中心进行结构修饰。两种不同的冠醚（12-crown-4（12C4）和15-crown-5（15C5））用作电解质添加剂，以增加电池的电化学势。通过使用各种浓度的电解质盐和冠醚，通过电解质系统，平均放电电压可以提高到3.90V。向Li | 0.25 M LiClO中添加1当量的12C4碳酸_四亚乙酯/碳酸二乙酯（= 1/1，v / v |聚（2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-1-氧基-4-甲基丙烯酸甲酯）电池在300次使用后容量保留率显着提高至21％以3C的电流速率循环；此外，使用密度泛函理论计算研究了锂-冠醚配合物的结构和系统能。