The very fast evolution in certified efficiency of lead-halide organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells to 24.2%, on par and even surpassing the record for polycrystalline silicon solar cells (22.3%), bears the promise of a new era in photovoltaics and revitalisation of thin film solar cell technologies. However, the presence of toxic lead and particularly toxic solvents during the fabrication process makes large-scale manufacturing of perovskite solar cells challenging due to legislation and environment issues. For lead-free alternatives, non-toxic tin, antimony and bismuth based solar cells still rely on up-scalable fabrication processes that employ toxic solvents. Here we employ non-toxic methyl-acetate solution processed (CH₃NH₃)₃Bi₂I₉ films to fabricate lead-free, bismuth based (CH₃NH₃)₃Bi₂I₉ perovskites on mesoporous TiO₂ architecture using a sustainable route. Optoelectronic characterization, X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy show that the route can provide homogeneous and good quality (CH₃NH₃)₃Bi₂I₉ films. Fine-tuning the perovskite/hole transport layer interface by the use of conventional 2,2′,7,7′-tetrakis (N,N′-di-p-methoxyphenylamino)−9,9′-spirbiuorene, known as Spiro-OMeTAD, and poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl - P3HT as hole transporting materials, yields power conversion efficiencies of 1.12% and 1.62% under 1 sun illumination. Devices prepared using poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl hole transport layer shown 300 h of stability under continuous 1 sun illumination, without the use of an ultra violet-filter.

卤化铅有机-无机钙钛矿太阳能电池的认证效率飞跃至24.2％，甚至超过了多晶硅太阳能电池的记录（22.3％），这预示着光伏领域的新纪元和振兴薄膜太阳能电池技术。然而，由于立法和环境问题，在制造过程中存在有毒铅，特别是有毒溶剂，使得钙钛矿太阳能电池的大规模制造具有挑战性。对于无铅替代品，无毒的锡，锑和铋基太阳能电池仍依赖采用有毒溶剂的可升级制造工艺。在这里，我们采用无毒的醋酸甲酯溶液处理（CH ₃ NH ₃）₃ Bi ₂在中孔TiO ₂结构上采用可持续的方法，用I ₉膜制造无铅铋基（CH ₃ NH ₃）₃ Bi ₂ I ₉钙钛矿。光电特性，X射线衍射和电子显微镜显示该路线可提供均质且质量良好的（CH ₃ NH ₃）₃ Bi ₂ I ₉膜。微调通过使用常规2,2-钙钛矿/空穴传输层界面'，7,7'-四（Ñ，Ñ ' -二p-甲氧基苯基氨基）-9,9'-螺环丁烯，称为Spiro-OMeTAD，和聚（3-己基噻吩-2,5-二基-P3HT）作为空穴传输材料，在1种阳光照射下的功率转换效率为1.12％和1.62％使用聚（3-己基噻吩-2,5-二基空穴传输层）制备的器件在连续1次日光照射下显示300 h的稳定性，而没有使用紫外线滤光片。