The unique electronic and structural properties of 2D materials have triggered wide research interest in catalysis. The lattice of 2D materials and the interface between 2D covers and other substrates provide intriguing confinement environments for active sites, which has stimulated a rising area of "confinement catalysis with 2D materials." Fundamental understanding of confinement catalysis with 2D materials will favor the rational design of high-performance 2D nanocatalysts. Confinement catalysis with 2D materials has found extensive applications in energy-related reaction processes, especially in the conversion of small energy-related molecules such as O2 , CH4 , CO, CO2 , H2 O, and CH3 OH. Two representative strategies, i.e., 2D lattice-confined single atoms and 2D cover-confined metals, have been applied to construct 2D confinement catalytic systems with superior catalytic activity and stability. Herein, the recent advances in the design, applications, and structure-performance analysis of two 2D confinement catalytic systems are summarized. The different routes for tuning the electronic states of 2D confinement catalysts are highlighted and perspectives on confinement catalysis with 2D materials toward energy conversion and utilization in the future are provided.

中文翻译：

---

使用2D材料进行能量转换的封闭催化。

2D材料的独特电子和结构特性已引起人们对催化的广泛研究兴趣。2D材料的晶格以及2D覆盖物与其他基材之间的界面为活动位点提供了有趣的限制环境，这刺激了“使用2D材料进行限制催化”的上升领域。对2D材料限制催化的基本理解将有助于高性能2D纳米催化剂的合理设计。二维材料的限制催化已在与能量有关的反应过程中广泛应用，尤其是在与能量有关的小分子（如O2，CH4，CO，CO2，H2 O和CH3 OH）的转化中。两种代表性策略，即2D晶格限制的单原子和2D覆盖物限制的金属，已被用于构建具有优异催化活性和稳定性的2D限制催化体系。在此，总结了两个二维限制​​催化系统的设计，应用和结构性能分析的最新进展。重点介绍了用于调节2D限制催化剂电子状态的不同途径，并提供了有关2D材料限制催化在未来能量转化和利用方面的观点。