Our previous study showed that elastin hydrolysates could ameliorate UV damage in mice skin and two peptides GLPY and GPGGVGAL with protective effects against UV damage on fibroblast were identified. The aim of this study was to elucidate the underling mechanism. Results showed that GLPY and GPGGVGAL could protect fibroblast from UV damage by suppressing ROS production. Notably, GPGGVGAL could inhibit Ca²⁺ influx more effectively, whereas GLPY displayed stronger suppression on the loss of elastin and collagen type-I, which could result from that GLPY could regulate the mRNA expression of collagen type-I and the level of MMP-12 more efficiently. Additionally, GLPY maintained intact in gastrointestinal tract and could be transferred across Caco-2 monolayers via the intracellular transcytosis pathway, whereas GPGGVGAL was completely hydrolyzed by digestive enzymes. Results suggested that GLPY could be potential ingredients used to prevent and regulate the skin photoaging.