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Occurrence and cycling of trace elements in ultramafic soils and their impacts on human health: A critical review.
Environment International ( IF 10.3 ) Pub Date : 2019-07-31 , DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.104974 Meththika Vithanage , Prasanna Kumarathilaka , Christopher Oze , Suniti Karunatilake , Mihiri Seneviratne , Zeng-Yei Hseu , Viraj Gunarathne , Maheshi Dassanayake , Yong Sik Ok , Jörg Rinklebe
Environment International ( IF 10.3 ) Pub Date : 2019-07-31 , DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.104974 Meththika Vithanage , Prasanna Kumarathilaka , Christopher Oze , Suniti Karunatilake , Mihiri Seneviratne , Zeng-Yei Hseu , Viraj Gunarathne , Maheshi Dassanayake , Yong Sik Ok , Jörg Rinklebe
The transformation of trace metals (TMs) in natural environmental systems has created significant concerns in recent decades. Ultramafic environments lead to potential risks to the agricultural products and, subsequently, to human health. This unique review presents geochemistry of ultramafic soils, TM fractionation (i.e. sequential and single extraction techniques), TM uptake and accumulation mechanisms of ultramafic flora, and ultramafic-associated health risks to human and agricultural crops. Ultramafic soils contain high levels of TMs (i.e. Cr, Ni, Mn, and Co) and have a low Ca:Mg ratio together with deficiencies in essential macronutrients required for the growth of crops. Even though a higher portion of TMs bind with the residual fraction of ultramafic soils, environmental changes (i.e. natural or anthropogenic) may increase the levels of TMs in the bioavailable or extractable fractions of ultramafic soils. Extremophile plants that have evolved to thrive in ultramafic soils present clear examples of evolutionary adaptations to TM resistance. The release of TMs into water sources and accumulation in food crops in and around ultramafic localities increases health risks for humans. Therefore, more focused investigations need to be implemented to understand the mechanisms related to the mobility and bioavailability of TMs in different ultramafic environments. Research gaps and directions for future studies are also discussed in this review. Lastly, we consider the importance of characterizing terrestrial ultramafic soil and its effect on crop plants in the context of multi-decadal plans by NASA and other space agencies to establish human colonies on Mars.
中文翻译:
超镁铁质土壤中微量元素的发生和循环及其对人体健康的影响:一项重要评论。
近几十年来,自然环境系统中痕量金属(TM)的转化引起了人们的极大关注。超镁铁矿环境会给农产品和人类健康带来潜在风险。这篇独特的综述介绍了超镁铁质土壤的地球化学,TM分馏(即连续和单次提取技术),TMA吸收和积累超镁铁质菌群的机制以及与人和农作物相关的超镁铁质健康风险。超镁铁质土壤含有高水平的TMs(即Cr,Ni,Mn和Co),并且Ca:Mg比例低,而且作物生长所需的必需大量营养素也缺乏。即使TM的较高部分与超镁铁质土壤的残留部分结合,环境变化(即 自然或人为因素)可能会增加超镁铁质土壤的生物利用度或可提取部分中TM的含量。已经进化成在超镁铁质土壤中壮成长的极端嗜热性植物提供了对TM抗性进化适应的清晰实例。TMs释放到水源中以及在超镁铁矿地区及其周围的粮食作物中积累会增加人类的健康风险。因此,需要进行更加有针对性的研究,以了解与TM在不同超镁铁质环境中的移动性和生物利用度有关的机制。这篇综述还讨论了研究的差距和未来研究的方向。最后,
更新日期:2019-08-01
中文翻译:
超镁铁质土壤中微量元素的发生和循环及其对人体健康的影响:一项重要评论。
近几十年来,自然环境系统中痕量金属(TM)的转化引起了人们的极大关注。超镁铁矿环境会给农产品和人类健康带来潜在风险。这篇独特的综述介绍了超镁铁质土壤的地球化学,TM分馏(即连续和单次提取技术),TMA吸收和积累超镁铁质菌群的机制以及与人和农作物相关的超镁铁质健康风险。超镁铁质土壤含有高水平的TMs(即Cr,Ni,Mn和Co),并且Ca:Mg比例低,而且作物生长所需的必需大量营养素也缺乏。即使TM的较高部分与超镁铁质土壤的残留部分结合,环境变化(即 自然或人为因素)可能会增加超镁铁质土壤的生物利用度或可提取部分中TM的含量。已经进化成在超镁铁质土壤中壮成长的极端嗜热性植物提供了对TM抗性进化适应的清晰实例。TMs释放到水源中以及在超镁铁矿地区及其周围的粮食作物中积累会增加人类的健康风险。因此,需要进行更加有针对性的研究,以了解与TM在不同超镁铁质环境中的移动性和生物利用度有关的机制。这篇综述还讨论了研究的差距和未来研究的方向。最后,