Propylene carbonate (PC) together with cyclic sulfur compounds such as tetrahydrothiophene 1-oxide (THT1oxide) as co-solvent and lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF₆) as conducting salt are introduced as new aprotic liquid electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries. Starting with the single solvent electrolyte LiPF₆ in PC, by addition of THT1oxide, the ion transport properties even at temperatures down to −20 °C are improved by the different solvation behavior of Li⁺ ions due to the high Li⁺ ion affinity of the sulfinyl (-S=O) group and by the resulting decrease of the Li⁺ ion complex size. Electrolytes that contain Li⁺ ion complexes with both PC and THT1oxide molecules in the solvation shell are able to form protective interphase layers on graphite and NCM111 (LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂) electrodes that are both permeable for Li⁺ ions while ensuring good electronic insulation, thus enabling stable cycling in lithium-ion cells with only minor capacity fading. THT1oxide/PC-based electrolytes afford better long-term as well as low temperature cycling behavior compared to established state-of-the-art (SOTA) organic carbonate-based electrolytes. The obtained results allow for the design of new co-solvents for PC and comparable cyclic organic carbonates, and provide a non-toxic and cheap alternative to crown ethers without affecting the Li⁺ ion transference/transport numbers.

碳酸亚丙酯（PC）与环状硫化合物（例如作为助溶剂的四氢噻吩一氧化物（THT1oxide）和作为导电盐的六氟磷酸锂（LiPF ₆））一起被用作锂离子电池的新型非质子液体电解质。从PC中的单一溶剂电解质LiPF ₆开始，通过添加THT1氧化物，由于Li ⁺离子的高Li ⁺离子亲和力，即使在低至-20°C的温度下，其离子输运性能也因Li ⁺离子的不同溶剂化行为而得到改善。亚磺酰基（-S = O）基团，以及由此导致的Li ⁺离子络合物尺寸的减小。含Li ^+的电解质溶剂化壳中具有PC和THT1氧化物分子的离子络合物能够在均能渗透Li ^+的石墨和NCM111（LiNi _1/3 Co _1/3 Mn _1/3 O ₂）电极上形成保护性相间层离子同时确保良好的电子绝缘性，从而使锂离子电池能够稳定循环，而容量仅会逐渐下降。与已建立的最先进的（SOTA）有机碳酸酯基电解质相比，THT1oxide / PC基电解质提供了更好的长期和低温循环性能。获得的结果允许设计用于PC和可比的环状有机碳酸酯的新助溶剂，并提供冠醚的无毒且廉价的替代品，而不会影响Li ⁺离子的迁移/迁移数。