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Aggregation-Caused Quenching-Type Naphthalimide Fluorophores Grafted and Ionized in a 3D Polymeric Hydrogel Network for Highly Fluorescent and Locally Tunable Emission
ACS Macro Letters ( IF 5.1 ) Pub Date : 2019-07-17 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00337 Ping Li 1, 2 , Dong Zhang 3 , Yuchong Zhang 2 , Wei Lu 2 , Jiawei Zhang 2 , Wenqin Wang 1 , Qingsong He 4 , Patrick Théato 5 , Tao Chen 2
ACS Macro Letters ( IF 5.1 ) Pub Date : 2019-07-17 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00337 Ping Li 1, 2 , Dong Zhang 3 , Yuchong Zhang 2 , Wei Lu 2 , Jiawei Zhang 2 , Wenqin Wang 1 , Qingsong He 4 , Patrick Théato 5 , Tao Chen 2
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Polymer hydrogels with intense yet tunable fluorescence are of great research interest due to their wide potential use in biological imaging, sensing, information storage, etc. However, the conventional fluorophores such as naphthalimide and its derivatives are usually not recommended to prepare highly fluorescent hydrogels because of their aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) nature and spontaneous tendency to undergo fluorescence self-quenching in quasi-solid-state hydrogel systems. Additionally, local regulation over fluorescent behavior of hydrogels, despite being important, still remains underdeveloped. Herein, we report highly fluorescent polymeric hydrogels based on conventional ACQ-type naphthalimide fluorophores, followed by spatial and temporal control of their fluorescent behavior. The hydrogels were prepared by one-pot radical copolymerization of naphthalimide-containing monomer and acrylamide in chitosan–acetic acid solution. Their intense emission comes from synergetic anchoring and diluting effect of the protonated naphthalimide moieties grafted on polymer chains, which result in the electrostatic repulsion among ACQ luminogens and reduced PET (photoinduced electron transfer) effect from adjacent dimethylamine groups to naphthalimide fluorophores. After being deprotonated in alkaline conditions, both PET and the ACQ effect work again to greatly quench fluorescence, endowing the hydrogels with pH-sensitive emission behavior. These properties encourage us to develop a diffusion-reaction (D-R) method to spatially and temporally control their fluorescent behavior. Based on these results, the ion-transfer-printing-assisted D-R method was further developed to fabricate many high-precision and meaningful fluorescent patterns on hydrogels. These fluorescent patterns are invisible under daylight but become vivid under specific UV light illumination, suggesting their wide potential applications in information security and transmission.
中文翻译：
聚合引起的猝灭型萘酰亚胺荧光团在 3D 聚合物水凝胶网络中接枝和电离以实现高荧光和局部可调发射
具有强烈但可调谐荧光的聚合物水凝胶因其在生物成像、传感、信息存储等方面的广泛潜在用途而引起了极大的研究兴趣。然而，通常不建议使用传统的荧光团如萘酰亚胺及其衍生物来制备高荧光水凝胶，因为它们的聚集引起的猝灭（ACQ）性质和在准固态水凝胶系统中自发发生荧光自猝灭的趋势。此外，尽管很重要，但对水凝胶荧光行为的局部调节仍然不发达。在这里，我们报告了基于传统 ACQ 型萘酰亚胺荧光团的高荧光聚合物水凝胶，然后对其荧光行为进行空间和时间控制。通过含萘酰亚胺单体和丙烯酰胺在壳聚糖-乙酸溶液中的一锅自由基共聚制备水凝胶。它们的强烈发射来自于接枝在聚合物链上的质子化萘酰亚胺部分的协同锚定和稀释效应，这导致 ACQ 发光体之间的静电排斥和相邻二甲胺基团对萘酰亚胺荧光团的 PET（光诱导电子转移）效应降低。在碱性条件下去质子化后，PET 和 ACQ 效应再次发挥作用，极大地淬灭荧光，赋予水凝胶 pH 敏感的发射行为。这些特性鼓励我们开发一种扩散反应 (DR) 方法来在空间和时间上控制它们的荧光行为。基于这些结果，进一步发展了离子转移印刷辅助的 DR 方法，以在水凝胶上制造许多高精度和有意义的荧光图案。这些荧光图案在日光下不可见，但在特定的紫外线照射下变得鲜艳，表明它们在信息安全和传输方面具有广泛的潜在应用。
更新日期：2019-07-17
中文翻译：
聚合引起的猝灭型萘酰亚胺荧光团在 3D 聚合物水凝胶网络中接枝和电离以实现高荧光和局部可调发射
具有强烈但可调谐荧光的聚合物水凝胶因其在生物成像、传感、信息存储等方面的广泛潜在用途而引起了极大的研究兴趣。然而，通常不建议使用传统的荧光团如萘酰亚胺及其衍生物来制备高荧光水凝胶，因为它们的聚集引起的猝灭（ACQ）性质和在准固态水凝胶系统中自发发生荧光自猝灭的趋势。此外，尽管很重要，但对水凝胶荧光行为的局部调节仍然不发达。在这里，我们报告了基于传统 ACQ 型萘酰亚胺荧光团的高荧光聚合物水凝胶，然后对其荧光行为进行空间和时间控制。通过含萘酰亚胺单体和丙烯酰胺在壳聚糖-乙酸溶液中的一锅自由基共聚制备水凝胶。它们的强烈发射来自于接枝在聚合物链上的质子化萘酰亚胺部分的协同锚定和稀释效应，这导致 ACQ 发光体之间的静电排斥和相邻二甲胺基团对萘酰亚胺荧光团的 PET（光诱导电子转移）效应降低。在碱性条件下去质子化后，PET 和 ACQ 效应再次发挥作用，极大地淬灭荧光，赋予水凝胶 pH 敏感的发射行为。这些特性鼓励我们开发一种扩散反应 (DR) 方法来在空间和时间上控制它们的荧光行为。基于这些结果，进一步发展了离子转移印刷辅助的 DR 方法，以在水凝胶上制造许多高精度和有意义的荧光图案。这些荧光图案在日光下不可见，但在特定的紫外线照射下变得鲜艳，表明它们在信息安全和传输方面具有广泛的潜在应用。
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