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1,3,5,8‐Tetrahydroxy‐9 H ‐xanthen‐9‐one exerts its antiageing effect through the regulation of stress‐response genes and the MAPK signaling pathway
Archiv der Pharmazie ( IF 4.3 ) Pub Date : 2019-07-17 , DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201900100
Yinying Tang 1 , Jie Liu 1, 2 , Huailing Wang 2 , Yanbing Li 1, 3 , Zhijun Liu 1, 3 , Heru Chen 1, 3, 4
Affiliation  

The antioxidative effects of 30 xanthone derivatives (XDs) (XD‐n, n = 1–30) in HepG2 cells were evaluated by the cellular antioxidant activity assay. Results showed that all XDs were antioxidants and 1,3,5,8‐tetrahydroxy‐9H‐xanthen‐9‐one (XD‐2) was the most active antioxidant. The all‐oxygenated substituted xanthones extended the lifespan of wild‐type N2 nematodes under normal culture conditions and XD‐2 was the best one. XD‐2 eliminated excessive intracellular reactive oxygen species and enhanced the expression levels and activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase. XD‐2 inhibited the H2O2‐increased phosphorylation levels of c‐JUN N‐terminal kinase, extracellular signal‐regulated kinase, and p38 in HepG2 cells. In vivo, XD‐2 also extended the lifespan of wild‐type N2 nematodes under oxidative stress induced by paraquat, but failed in extending the lifespan of CF1038 (daf‐16 deletion) and AY102 (pmk‐1 deletion) mutant nematodes. It was revealed by real‐time polymerase chain reaction that the genes daf‐16, sir‐2.1, akt‐1, and age‐1 were all inhibited by paraquat stimuli, while XD‐2 reversed these inhibitions; in contrast, paraquat stimuli upregulated both the skn‐1 and pmk‐1 genes. However, treatment by XD‐2 further increased the levels of both genes. These pieces of evidence implied that XD‐2 promotes longevity through endogenous signaling pathways rather than through the antioxidative activity alone. Taken all together, it may be concluded that XD‐2 is a promising antiageing agent.

中文翻译:

1,3,5,8-Tetrahydroxy-9 H-xanthen-9-one 通过调控应激反应基因和 MAPK 信号通路发挥抗衰老作用

通过细胞抗氧化活性测定评估了 30 种氧杂蒽酮衍生物(XDs)(XD-n,n = 1-30)在 HepG2 细胞中的抗氧化作用。结果表明,所有 XDs 都是抗氧化剂,1,3,5,8-四羟基-9H-xanthen-9-one (XD-2) 是活性最强的抗氧化剂。在正常培养条件下,全氧取代的氧杂蒽酮延长了野生型 N2 线虫的寿命,其中 XD-2 是最好的。XD-2 消除了细胞内过多的活性氧,并增强了抗氧化酶超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的表达水平和活性。XD-2 抑制 H2O2 增加的 c-JUN N 端激酶、细胞外信号调节激酶和 HepG2 细胞中 p38 的磷酸化水平。体内,XD-2 还延长了百草枯诱导的氧化应激下野生型 N2 线虫的寿命,但未能延长 CF1038(daf-16 缺失)和 AY102(pmk-1 缺失)突变线虫的寿命。实时聚合酶链反应显示,daf-16、sir-2.1、akt-1 和 age-1 基因均被百草枯刺激抑制,而 XD-2 逆转这些抑制;相比之下,百草枯刺激物上调了 skn-1 和 pmk-1 基因。然而,XD-2 的处理进一步增加了这两种基因的水平。这些证据表明 XD-2 通过内源性信号通路而不是仅通过抗氧化活性来促进长寿。综上所述,可以得出结论,XD-2 是一种很有前途的抗衰老剂。但未能延长 CF1038(daf-16 缺失)和 AY102(pmk-1 缺失)突变线虫的寿命。实时聚合酶链反应显示,daf-16、sir-2.1、akt-1 和 age-1 基因均被百草枯刺激抑制,而 XD-2 逆转这些抑制;相比之下,百草枯刺激物上调了 skn-1 和 pmk-1 基因。然而,XD-2 的处理进一步增加了这两种基因的水平。这些证据表明 XD-2 通过内源性信号通路而不是仅通过抗氧化活性来促进长寿。综上所述,可以得出结论,XD-2 是一种很有前途的抗衰老剂。但未能延长 CF1038(daf-16 缺失)和 AY102(pmk-1 缺失)突变线虫的寿命。实时聚合酶链反应显示,daf-16、sir-2.1、akt-1 和 age-1 基因均被百草枯刺激抑制,而 XD-2 逆转这些抑制;相比之下,百草枯刺激物上调了 skn-1 和 pmk-1 基因。然而,XD-2 的处理进一步增加了这两种基因的水平。这些证据表明 XD-2 通过内源性信号通路而不是仅通过抗氧化活性来促进长寿。综上所述,可以得出结论,XD-2 是一种很有前途的抗衰老剂。1 岁和 1 岁都被百草枯刺激抑制,而 XD-2 逆转了这些抑制作用;相比之下,百草枯刺激物上调了 skn-1 和 pmk-1 基因。然而,XD-2 的处理进一步增加了这两种基因的水平。这些证据表明 XD-2 通过内源性信号通路而不是仅通过抗氧化活性来促进长寿。综上所述,可以得出结论,XD-2 是一种很有前途的抗衰老剂。1 岁和 1 岁都被百草枯刺激抑制,而 XD-2 逆转了这些抑制作用;相比之下,百草枯刺激物上调了 skn-1 和 pmk-1 基因。然而,XD-2 的处理进一步增加了这两种基因的水平。这些证据表明 XD-2 通过内源性信号通路而不是仅通过抗氧化活性来促进长寿。综上所述,可以得出结论,XD-2 是一种很有前途的抗衰老剂。
更新日期:2019-07-17
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