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Assessing Toxicity and in Vitro Bioactivity of Smoked Cigarette Leachate Using Cell-Based Assays and Chemical Analysis
Chemical Research in Toxicology ( IF 3.7 ) Pub Date : 2019-07-09 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00201 Elvis Genbo Xu 1 , William H. Richardot 2, 3 , Shuying Li 1 , Lucas Buruaem 1 , Hung-Hsu Wei 2 , Nathan G. Dodder 2, 3 , Suzaynn F. Schick 4 , Thomas Novotny 2, 3 , Daniel Schlenk 1 , Richard M. Gersberg 2 , Eunha Hoh 2
Chemical Research in Toxicology ( IF 3.7 ) Pub Date : 2019-07-09 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00201 Elvis Genbo Xu 1 , William H. Richardot 2, 3 , Shuying Li 1 , Lucas Buruaem 1 , Hung-Hsu Wei 2 , Nathan G. Dodder 2, 3 , Suzaynn F. Schick 4 , Thomas Novotny 2, 3 , Daniel Schlenk 1 , Richard M. Gersberg 2 , Eunha Hoh 2
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Smoked cigarettes are the most prevalent form of litter worldwide, often finding their way into oceans and inland waterways. Cigarette smoke contains more than 4000 individual chemicals, some of them carcinogenic or otherwise toxic. We examined the cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), estrogen receptor (ER), and p53 response pathways of smoked cigarette leachate in vitro. Both seawater and freshwater leachates of smoked cigarettes were tested. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity were negligible at 100 smoked cigarettes/L, while statistically significant AhR, ER, and p53 responses were observed in the extracts of both leachates, suggesting a potential risk to human health through exposure to cigarette litter in the environment. To identify responsible chemicals for the AhR response, an effect directed analysis approach was coupled with nontargeted chemical analysis based on comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC × GC/TOF-MS). Eleven compounds potentially responsible for the AhR response were identified. Among them, 2-methylindole was partially responsible for the AhR response.
中文翻译：
使用基于细胞的分析和化学分析评估烟熏渗滤液的毒性和体外生物活性
抽烟是世界上最普遍的垃圾，通常会进入海洋和内陆水道。卷烟烟雾中包含4000多种单独的化学物质，其中一些具有致癌性或其他毒性。我们研究了熏制香烟浸出液的体外细胞毒性，遗传毒性，芳烃受体（AhR），雌激素受体（ER）和p53应答途径。抽烟的海水和淡水浸出液均经过测试。在100支/ L的香烟中，细胞毒性和遗传毒性可忽略不计，而在两种浸出液的提取物中均观察到统计学上显着的AhR，ER和p53反应，表明通过暴露于环境中的香烟垃圾对人体健康具有潜在的风险。为了确定负责AhR反应的化学药品，基于全面的二维气相色谱和飞行时间质谱（GC×GC / TOF-MS），将效果定向分析方法与非目标化学分析相结合。确定了11种可能引起AhR反应的化合物。其中，2-甲基吲哚部分负责AhR反应。
更新日期：2019-07-09
中文翻译：
使用基于细胞的分析和化学分析评估烟熏渗滤液的毒性和体外生物活性
抽烟是世界上最普遍的垃圾，通常会进入海洋和内陆水道。卷烟烟雾中包含4000多种单独的化学物质，其中一些具有致癌性或其他毒性。我们研究了熏制香烟浸出液的体外细胞毒性，遗传毒性，芳烃受体（AhR），雌激素受体（ER）和p53应答途径。抽烟的海水和淡水浸出液均经过测试。在100支/ L的香烟中，细胞毒性和遗传毒性可忽略不计，而在两种浸出液的提取物中均观察到统计学上显着的AhR，ER和p53反应，表明通过暴露于环境中的香烟垃圾对人体健康具有潜在的风险。为了确定负责AhR反应的化学药品，基于全面的二维气相色谱和飞行时间质谱（GC×GC / TOF-MS），将效果定向分析方法与非目标化学分析相结合。确定了11种可能引起AhR反应的化合物。其中，2-甲基吲哚部分负责AhR反应。
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