<br>牛痘病毒入口融合复合物的纳米级极化推动了高效融合。,Nature Microbiology

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牛痘病毒入口融合复合物的纳米级极化推动了高效融合。
Nature Microbiology ( IF 20.5 ) Pub Date : 2019-07-08 , DOI: 10.1038/s41564-019-0488-4
Robert D M Gray _{1,

2} , David Albrecht ₁ , Corina Beerli ₁ , Moona Huttunen ₁ , Gary H Cohen ₃ , Ian J White ₁ , Jemima J Burden ₁ , Ricardo Henriques _{1,

4} , Jason Mercer ₁

Affiliation

为了实现有效结合和随后的融合，大多数包膜病毒编码 1 到 5 种蛋白质1。对于许多病毒，融合蛋白的聚集及其在病毒颗粒上的分布对于融合活性至关重要2,3。痘病毒是最复杂的哺乳动物病毒，将 15 种蛋白质专门用于结合和膜融合4。然而，这些蛋白质的空间组织及其如何影响融合活性尚不清楚。在这里，我们表明牛痘病毒的膜被组织成不同的功能域，这些功能域对膜融合的效率至关重要。使用超分辨率显微镜和单颗粒分析，我们发现痘苗病毒的融合机制仅存在于病毒粒子尖端的簇中。融合复合物的单个组分的抑制会破坏融合机械极化，与报道的融合活性丧失一致5。此外，我们表明，从病毒粒子尖端置换功能性融合复合物会破坏融合孔的形成和感染动力学。我们的研究结果表明，痘病毒的蛋白质结构如何直接促进膜融合的效率，并表明纳米级组织可能是这些病毒确保成功感染的内在特性。

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Nanoscale polarization of the entry fusion complex of vaccinia virus drives efficient fusion.

To achieve efficient binding and subsequent fusion, most enveloped viruses encode between one and five proteins1. For many viruses, the clustering of fusion proteins-and their distribution on virus particles-is crucial for fusion activity2,3. Poxviruses, the most complex mammalian viruses, dedicate 15 proteins to binding and membrane fusion4. However, the spatial organization of these proteins and how this influences fusion activity is unknown. Here, we show that the membrane of vaccinia virus is organized into distinct functional domains that are critical for the efficiency of membrane fusion. Using super-resolution microscopy and single-particle analysis, we found that the fusion machinery of vaccinia virus resides exclusively in clusters at virion tips. Repression of individual components of the fusion complex disrupts fusion-machinery polarization, consistent with the reported loss of fusion activity5. Furthermore, we show that displacement of functional fusion complexes from virion tips disrupts the formation of fusion pores and infection kinetics. Our results demonstrate how the protein architecture of poxviruses directly contributes to the efficiency of membrane fusion, and suggest that nanoscale organization may be an intrinsic property of these viruses to assure successful infection.

更新日期：2019-07-09

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