The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) contains populations of GABAergic interneurons that play different roles in cognition and emotion. Their local and long-range inputs are incompletely understood. We used monosynaptic rabies viral tracers in combination with fluorescence micro-optical sectioning tomography to generate a whole-brain atlas of direct long-range inputs to GABAergic interneurons in the mPFC of male mice. We discovered that three subtypes of GABAergic interneurons in two areas of the mPFC are innervated by same upstream areas. Input from subcortical upstream areas includes cholinergic neurons from the basal forebrain and serotonergic neurons (which co-release glutamate) from the raphe nuclei. Reconstruction of single-neuron morphology revealed novel substantia innominata–anteromedial thalamic nucleus–mPFC and striatum–anteromedial thalamic nucleus–mPFC circuits. Based on the projection logic of individual neurons, we classified cortical and hippocampal input neurons into several types. This atlas provides the anatomical foundation for understanding the functional organization of the mPFC.

内侧前额叶皮层 (mPFC) 包含在认知和情感中发挥不同作用的 GABA 能中间神经元群。他们的本地和远程输入尚不完全清楚。我们使用单突触狂犬病病毒示踪剂与荧光显微光学切片断层扫描相结合，以生成雄性小鼠 mPFC 中 GABAergic 中间神经元直接远程输入的全脑图谱。我们发现 mPFC 的两个区域中的三种 GABA 能中间神经元亚型受相同的上游区域支配。来自皮层下上游区域的输入包括来自基底前脑的胆碱能神经元和来自中缝核的血清素能神经元（共同释放谷氨酸）。单神经元形态的重建揭示了新的无名质-前内侧丘脑核-mPFC和纹状体-前内侧丘脑核-mPFC电路。基于单个神经元的投影逻辑，我们将皮质和海马输入神经元分为几种类型。该图谱为理解 mPFC 的功能组织提供了解剖学基础。