Abstract We for the first time reported the development of an electrochemical sensor with polyvinyl butyral/graphene oxide (PVB/GO) nanocomposite film for the integrate determination of major terminal metabolites of catecholamines. The PVB/GO nanocomposite modified electrode was characterized by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning probe microscopy (SPM) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The PVB/GO-modified glassy carbon electrode exhibits a good affinity and electrocatalytic activity to the oxidation of homovanillic acid (HVA) and vanillylmandelic acid (VMA), and the two terminal metabolites showed nearly consistent peak potentials at the modified electrode by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The performance of the developed sensor was evaluated in terms of linearity, precision, stability, repeatability and recovery for the determination of HVA/VMA. The electrode enables the ‘equivalent’ determination over the ranges of 0.549–120 μM with a detection limit (LOD) of 0.18 μM for HVA and 0.75–120 μM with a detection limit of 0.25 μM for VMA, respectively. The proposed sensor has the advantages of low cost, well stability, and high sensitivity. It was successfully applied to the integrate determination of the terminal metabolites of catecholamines in human urine.

中文翻译：

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聚乙烯醇缩丁醛/氧化石墨烯纳米复合修饰电极用于人尿中儿茶酚胺末端代谢物的综合测定

摘要 我们首次报道了一种具有聚乙烯醇缩丁醛/氧化石墨烯 (PVB/GO) 纳米复合膜的电化学传感器的开发，用于综合测定儿茶酚胺的主要末端代谢物。PVB/GO纳米复合改性电极通过ATR-FTIR光谱、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、扫描探针显微镜(SPM)和电化学阻抗谱(EIS)表征。PVB/GO修饰的玻碳电极对高香草酸（HVA）和香草扁桃酸（VMA）的氧化表现出良好的亲和性和电催化活性，差分脉冲伏安法显示两种末端代谢物在修饰电极处的峰电位几乎一致(DPV)。在线性度、精度、稳定性、重复性和回收率方面对开发的传感器的性能进行了评估，以测定 HVA/VMA。该电极可在 0.549–120 μM 范围内进行“等效”测定，HVA 的检测限 (LOD) 为 0.18 μM，VMA 的检测限 (LOD) 分别为 0.75–120 μM，检测限为 0.25 μM。该传感器具有成本低、稳定性好、灵敏度高等优点。成功应用于人尿中儿茶酚胺终末代谢物的综合测定。VMA 分别为 25 μM。该传感器具有成本低、稳定性好、灵敏度高等优点。成功应用于人尿中儿茶酚胺终末代谢物的综合测定。VMA 分别为 25 μM。该传感器具有成本低、稳定性好、灵敏度高等优点。成功应用于人尿中儿茶酚胺终末代谢物的综合测定。