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Antiparasitic properties of leaf extracts derived from selected Nicotiana species and Nicotiana tabacum varieties.
Food and Chemical Toxicology ( IF 3.9 ) Pub Date : 2019-07-03 , DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110660 Sandra Schorderet Weber 1 , Kacper P Kaminski 1 , Jean-Luc Perret 2 , Patrice Leroy 1 , Anatoly Mazurov 1 , Manuel C Peitsch 1 , Nikolai V Ivanov 1 , Julia Hoeng 1
Food and Chemical Toxicology ( IF 3.9 ) Pub Date : 2019-07-03 , DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110660 Sandra Schorderet Weber 1 , Kacper P Kaminski 1 , Jean-Luc Perret 2 , Patrice Leroy 1 , Anatoly Mazurov 1 , Manuel C Peitsch 1 , Nikolai V Ivanov 1 , Julia Hoeng 1
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Within the traditional pharmacopeia, tobacco (Nicotiana spp.) is often cited as an efficient pesticide. This activity is generally attributed to nicotine, but tobacco plants contain other alkaloids that could potentially contribute to this effect. In this study, we tested methanolic extracts of N. glutinosa, N. glauca, N. debneyi, and N. tabacum (putrescine N-methyltransferase line, burley TN90 and Stella, Virginia ITB 683 and K326), selected according to alkaloid content. Their antiparasitic activity was evaluated in bioassays against adult fleas (Ctenocephalides felis), blowfly (Lucilia cuprina) larvae, nematodes (Caenorhabditis elegans), and ticks (Rhipicephalus sanguineus larvae and adults, Ixodes ricinus nymphs). None of the extracts killed fleas and blowfly larvae effectively at the concentrations tested. Only N. tabacum K326 and N. glutinosa exhibited moderate anthelmintic activity. All extracts significantly repelled R. sanguineus ticks, but not I. ricinus, and the nicotine-rich extracts rapidly knocked down all tick species and stages at high concentrations. The link between nicotine and tick knockdown was confirmed by successfully testing the pure alkaloid at concentrations found in the tobacco extracts. In contrast, repellent activity could not be correlated to the individually tested alkaloids (nicotine, nornicotine, anabasine, anatabine), although anatabine and nornicotine were active in the tick bioassay at high concentrations.
中文翻译：
源自选定烟草物种和烟草品种的叶提取物的抗寄生虫特性。
在传统药典中，烟草（烟草属）经常被认为是一种有效的杀虫剂。这种活性通常归因于尼古丁，但烟草植物含有其他可能有助于这种作用的生物碱。在本研究中，我们测试了根据生物碱含量选择的 N. glutinosa、N. glauca、N. debneyi 和 N. tabacum（腐胺 N-甲基转移酶系、白肋烟 TN90 和 Stella、Virginia ITB 683 和 K326）的甲醇提取物。通过针对成年跳蚤（Ctenocephalides felis）、绿头苍蝇（Lucilia cuprina）幼虫、线虫（秀丽隐杆线虫）和蜱（Rhipicephalus sanguineus 幼虫和成虫、蓖麻硬蜱若虫）的生物测定评估了它们的抗寄生虫活性。在测试的浓度下，没有一种提取物能有效杀死跳蚤和苍蝇幼虫。仅 N. tabacum K326 和 N. glutinosa 表现出中等驱虫活性。所有提取物均能显着驱除血红蜱，但不能驱除蓖麻蜱，并且富含尼古丁的提取物在高浓度下可迅速击倒所有蜱种和阶段。通过成功测试烟草提取物中的纯生物碱浓度，证实了尼古丁和蜱抑制之间的联系。相反，驱避活性与单独测试的生物碱（尼古丁、降烟碱、新烟草碱、新烟草碱）无关，尽管新烟草碱和降烟碱在高浓度的蜱生物测定中具有活性。
更新日期：2019-07-03
中文翻译：
源自选定烟草物种和烟草品种的叶提取物的抗寄生虫特性。
在传统药典中，烟草（烟草属）经常被认为是一种有效的杀虫剂。这种活性通常归因于尼古丁，但烟草植物含有其他可能有助于这种作用的生物碱。在本研究中，我们测试了根据生物碱含量选择的 N. glutinosa、N. glauca、N. debneyi 和 N. tabacum（腐胺 N-甲基转移酶系、白肋烟 TN90 和 Stella、Virginia ITB 683 和 K326）的甲醇提取物。通过针对成年跳蚤（Ctenocephalides felis）、绿头苍蝇（Lucilia cuprina）幼虫、线虫（秀丽隐杆线虫）和蜱（Rhipicephalus sanguineus 幼虫和成虫、蓖麻硬蜱若虫）的生物测定评估了它们的抗寄生虫活性。在测试的浓度下，没有一种提取物能有效杀死跳蚤和苍蝇幼虫。仅 N. tabacum K326 和 N. glutinosa 表现出中等驱虫活性。所有提取物均能显着驱除血红蜱，但不能驱除蓖麻蜱，并且富含尼古丁的提取物在高浓度下可迅速击倒所有蜱种和阶段。通过成功测试烟草提取物中的纯生物碱浓度，证实了尼古丁和蜱抑制之间的联系。相反，驱避活性与单独测试的生物碱（尼古丁、降烟碱、新烟草碱、新烟草碱）无关，尽管新烟草碱和降烟碱在高浓度的蜱生物测定中具有活性。
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