Calcium overload, characterized by an abnormal cytoplasm accumulation of free calcium ions (Ca²⁺), is a widely recognized cause of damage in numerous cell types and even of cell death. This undesirable destructive process can become a new tool applicable to cancer treatment. Herein, on the basis of the unique biological effect of Ca²⁺, we demonstrate a highly efficient strategy for tumor therapy by utilizing pH-sensitive sodium-hyaluronate-modified calcium peroxide nanoparticles (SH-CaO₂ NPs). These NPs create an artificial calcium overloading stress in tumor cells, which is responsible for cell death. Notably, the killing effect is not limited to tumor types or hypoxic cells, and normal cells are more tolerant of the adverse influence of NPs than tumor cells. The Ca²⁺ enrichment also increases the likelihood of tumor calcification, which could contribute to in vivo tumor inhibition and facilitate medical imaging to monitor the treatment efficacy.

钙超载的特征是游离钙离子（Ca ²⁺）在细胞质中异常蓄积，是许多细胞类型损害甚至细胞死亡的公认原因。这种不良的破坏性过程可能成为适用于癌症治疗的新工具。本文中，基于Ca ²⁺的独特生物学效应，我们证明了通过利用pH敏感的透明质酸钠修饰的过氧化钙纳米颗粒（SH-CaO ₂NPs）。这些NP在肿瘤细胞中造成人为的钙超载应激，这是导致细胞死亡的原因。值得注意的是，杀伤作用不仅限于肿瘤类型或低氧细胞，并且正常细胞比肿瘤细胞更能耐受NP的不利影响。Ca ²⁺富集还增加了肿瘤钙化的可能性，这可能有助于体内肿瘤抑制并促进医学成像以监测治疗效果。