Maternal lifestyle during pregnancy, as well as early nutrition and the environment infants are raised in, are considered relevant factors for the prevention of childhood obesity. Several models are available for the prediction of childhood overweight and obesity, yet most have not been externally validated. Moreover, the factors considered in the models differ among studies as the outcomes manifest after birth and depend on maturation processes that vary between individuals. The current Review examines and interprets data on the early determinants of childhood obesity to provide relevant strategies for daily clinical work. We evaluate a selection of prenatal and postnatal factors associated with child adiposity. Actions to be considered for preventing childhood obesity include the promotion of healthy maternal nutrition and weight status at reproductive age and during pregnancy, as well as careful monitoring of infant growth to detect early excessive weight gain. Paediatricians and other health-care professionals should provide scientifically validated, individual nutritional advice to families to counteract excessive adiposity in children. Based on systematic reviews, original papers and scientific reports, we provide information to help with setting up public health strategies to prevent overweight and obesity in childhood.

中文翻译：

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从受孕到婴儿期——儿童肥胖的早期危险因素。

孕期母亲的生活方式，以及婴儿早期的营养和成长环境，被认为是预防儿童肥胖的相关因素。有几种模型可用于预测儿童超重和肥胖，但大多数尚未经过外部验证。此外，模型中考虑的因素因研究而异，因为结果在出生后表现出来，并且取决于个体之间不同的成熟过程。目前的审查检查和解释儿童肥胖的早期决定因素的数据，为日常临床工作提供相关策略。我们评估了与儿童肥胖相关的一系列产前和产后因素。预防儿童肥胖需要考虑的行动包括促进健康的孕产妇营养和生育年龄和怀孕期间的体重状况，以及仔细监测婴儿的生长情况以发现早期体重过度增加。儿科医生和其他卫生保健专业人员应向家庭提供经过科学验证的个人营养建议，以对抗儿童过度肥胖。基于系统评价、原始论文和科学报告，我们提供信息以帮助制定公共卫生战略，以防止儿童期超重和肥胖。向家庭提供个人营养建议，以对抗儿童过度肥胖。基于系统评价、原始论文和科学报告，我们提供信息以帮助制定公共卫生战略，以防止儿童期超重和肥胖。向家庭提供个人营养建议，以对抗儿童过度肥胖。基于系统评价、原始论文和科学报告，我们提供信息以帮助制定公共卫生战略，以防止儿童期超重和肥胖。