Potential vulnerability of 348 herbaceous species to atmospheric deposition of nitrogen and sulfur in the United States.,Nature Plants

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Potential vulnerability of 348 herbaceous species to atmospheric deposition of nitrogen and sulfur in the United States.
Nature Plants ( IF 15.8 ) Pub Date : 2019-07-01 , DOI: 10.1038/s41477-019-0442-8
Christopher M Clark ₁ , Samuel M Simkin _{2,

3} , Edith B Allen ₄ , William D Bowman ₂ , Jayne Belnap ₅ , Matthew L Brooks ₆ , Scott L Collins ₇ , Linda H Geiser ₈ , Frank S Gilliam ₉ , Sarah E Jovan ₁₀ , Linda H Pardo ₁₁ , Bethany K Schulz ₁₂ , Carly J Stevens ₁₃ , Katharine N Suding ₁₄ , Heather L Throop _{15,

16} , Donald M Waller ₁₇

Affiliation

National Center for Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA.
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and INSTAAR, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.
National Ecological Observatory Network, Boulder, CO, USA.
Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA.
Southwest Biological Science Center, US Geological Survey, Moab, UT, USA.
Western Ecological Research Center, US Geological Survey, Oakhurst, CA, USA.
Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
Washington Office-Water, Fish, Wildlife, Air & Rare Plants, USDA Forest Service, Washington, DC, USA.
Department of Biology, University of West Florida, Pensacola, FL, USA.
Forest Inventory and Analysis Program, USDA Forest Service, Portland, OR, USA.
Northern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Burlington, VT, USA.
Forest Inventory and Analysis Program, USDA Forest Service, Anchorage, AK, USA.
Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK.
Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA.
School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.

Atmospheric nitrogen and sulfur pollution increased over much of the United States during the twentieth century from fossil fuel combustion and industrial agriculture. Despite recent declines, nitrogen and sulfur deposition continue to affect many plant communities in the United States, although which species are at risk remains uncertain. We used species composition data from >14,000 survey sites across the contiguous United States to evaluate the association between nitrogen and sulfur deposition and the probability of occurrence for 348 herbaceous species. We found that the probability of occurrence for 70% of species was negatively associated with nitrogen or sulfur deposition somewhere in the contiguous United States (56% for N, 51% for S). Of the species, 15% and 51% potentially decreased at all nitrogen and sulfur deposition rates, respectively, suggesting thresholds below the minimum deposition they receive. Although more species potentially increased than decreased with nitrogen deposition, increasers tended to be introduced and decreasers tended to be higher-value native species. More vulnerable species tended to be shorter with lower tissue nitrogen and magnesium. These relationships constitute predictive equations to estimate critical loads. These results demonstrate that many herbaceous species may be at risk from atmospheric deposition and can inform improvements to air quality policies in the United States and globally.

中文翻译：

美国 348 种草本植物对大气氮和硫沉积的潜在脆弱性。

二十世纪，由于化石燃料燃烧和工业化农业，美国大部分地区的大气氮和硫污染有所增加。尽管最近有所下降，但氮和硫沉积继续影响美国的许多植物群落，但哪些物种面临风险仍不确定。我们使用来自美国本土超过 14,000 个调查点的物种组成数据来评估 348 种草本植物的氮和硫沉积与发生概率之间的关联。我们发现，70% 的物种出现概率与美国本土某地的氮或硫沉积呈负相关（N 为 56%，S 为 51%）。在这些物种中，15% 和 51% 的氮和硫沉积率可能分别下降，这表明阈值低于它们收到的最小沉积率。尽管随着氮沉降，潜在增加的物种多于减少的物种，但增加的物种往往是被引入的，而减少的物种往往是价值更高的本地物种。较脆弱的物种往往较短，组织中的氮和镁含量较低。这些关系构成了估计临界载荷的预测方程。这些结果表明，许多草本物种可能面临大气沉降的风险，可以为美国和全球空气质量政策的改进提供参考。

更新日期：2019-07-01

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