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Neuroinflammatory pathways as treatment targets and biomarkers in epilepsy.
Nature Reviews Neurology ( IF 28.2 ) Pub Date : 2019-07-01 , DOI: 10.1038/s41582-019-0217-x
Annamaria Vezzani 1 , Silvia Balosso 1 , Teresa Ravizza 1
Affiliation  

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease characterized by an enduring propensity for generation of seizures. The pathogenic processes of seizure generation and recurrence are the subject of intensive preclinical and clinical investigations as their identification would enable development of novel treatments that prevent epileptic seizures and reduce seizure burden. Such treatments are particularly needed for pharmacoresistant epilepsies, which affect ~30% of patients. Neuroinflammation is commonly activated in epileptogenic brain regions in humans and is clearly involved in animal models of epilepsy. An increased understanding of neuroinflammatory mechanisms in epilepsy has identified cellular and molecular targets for new mechanistic therapies or existing anti-inflammatory drugs that could overcome the limitations of current medications, which provide only symptomatic control of seizures. Moreover, inflammatory mediators in the blood and molecular imaging of neuroinflammation could provide diagnostic, prognostic and predictive biomarkers for epilepsy, which will be instrumental for patient stratification in future clinical studies. In this Review, we focus on our understanding of the IL-1 receptor-Toll-like receptor 4 axis, the arachidonic acid-prostaglandin cascade, oxidative stress and transforming growth factor-β signalling associated with blood-brain barrier dysfunction, all of which are pathways that are activated in pharmacoresistant epilepsy in humans and that can be modulated in animal models to produce therapeutic effects on seizures, neuronal cell loss and neurological comorbidities.

中文翻译:

神经炎性途径作为癫痫的治疗靶标和生物标志物。

癫痫病是一种慢性神经系统疾病,其特征在于持久的癫痫发作倾向。癫痫发作和复发的致病过程是广泛的临床前和临床研究的主题,因为它们的鉴定将使开发能够预防癫痫性发作并减轻癫痫发作负担的新疗法成为可能。对于影响约30%患者的药物耐药性癫痫特别需要此类治疗。神经炎症通常在人类的致癫痫性脑区域中被激活,并且显然参与癫痫的动物模型。对癫痫中神经炎性机制的深入了解已为新的机械疗法或现有的抗炎药确定了可克服当前药物局限性的细胞和分子靶标,仅对癫痫发作提供症状控制。此外,血液中的炎性介质和神经炎症的分子成像可以为癫痫病提供诊断,预后和预测性生物标志物,这将有助于未来临床研究中的患者分层。在本综述中,我们重点了解与血脑屏障功能障碍相关的IL-1受体-Toll样受体4轴,花生四烯酸-前列腺素级联,氧化应激和转化生长因子-β信号传导,所有这些是在人类的药物抗性癫痫中激活的途径,可以在动物模型中进行调节,以对癫痫发作,神经元细胞丢失和神经系统合并症产生治疗作用。血液中的炎性介质和神经炎症的分子成像可为癫痫病提供诊断,预后和预测性生物标志物,这将有助于未来临床研究中的患者分层。在本综述中,我们重点了解与血脑屏障功能障碍相关的IL-1受体-Toll样受体4轴,花生四烯酸-前列腺素级联,氧化应激和转化生长因子-β信号传导,所有这些是在人类的药物抗性癫痫中激活的途径,可以在动物模型中进行调节,以对癫痫发作,神经元细胞丢失和神经系统合并症产生治疗作用。血液中的炎性介质和神经炎症的分子成像可为癫痫病提供诊断,预后和预测性生物标志物,这将有助于未来临床研究中的患者分层。在本综述中,我们重点了解与血脑屏障功能障碍相关的IL-1受体-Toll样受体4轴,花生四烯酸-前列腺素级联,氧化应激和转化生长因子-β信号传导,所有这些是在人类的药物抗性癫痫中激活的途径,可以在动物模型中进行调节,以对癫痫发作,神经元细胞丢失和神经系统合并症产生治疗作用。这将有助于在未来的临床研究中对患者进行分层。在本综述中,我们重点了解与血脑屏障功能障碍相关的IL-1受体-Toll样受体4轴,花生四烯酸-前列腺素级联,氧化应激和转化生长因子-β信号传导,所有这些是在人类的药物抗性癫痫中激活的途径,可以在动物模型中进行调节,以对癫痫发作,神经元细胞丢失和神经系统合并症产生治疗作用。这将有助于在未来的临床研究中对患者进行分层。在本综述中,我们重点了解与血脑屏障功能障碍相关的IL-1受体-Toll样受体4轴,花生四烯酸-前列腺素级联,氧化应激和转化生长因子-β信号传导,所有这些是在人类的药物抗性癫痫中激活的途径,可以在动物模型中进行调节,以对癫痫发作,神经元细胞丢失和神经系统合并症产生治疗作用。
更新日期:2019-07-01
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