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The pro-remyelination properties of microglia in the central nervous system.
Nature Reviews Neurology ( IF 28.2 ) Pub Date : 2019-08-01 , DOI: 10.1038/s41582-019-0184-2 Amy F Lloyd 1 , Veronique E Miron 1
Nature Reviews Neurology ( IF 28.2 ) Pub Date : 2019-08-01 , DOI: 10.1038/s41582-019-0184-2 Amy F Lloyd 1 , Veronique E Miron 1
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Microglia are resident macrophages of the CNS that are involved in its development, homeostasis and response to infection and damage. Microglial activation is a common feature of neurological disorders, and although in some instances this activation can be damaging, protective and regenerative functions of microglia have been revealed. The most prominent example of the regenerative functions is a role for microglia in supporting regeneration of myelin after injury, a process that is critical for axonal health and relevant to numerous disorders in which loss of myelin integrity is a prevalent feature, such as multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer disease and motor neuron disease. Although drugs that are intended to promote remyelination are entering clinical trials, the mechanisms by which remyelination is controlled and how microglia are involved are not completely understood. In this Review, we discuss work that has identified novel regulators of microglial activation - including molecular drivers, population heterogeneity and turnover - that might influence their pro-remyelination capacity. We also discuss therapeutic targeting of microglia as a potential approach to promoting remyelination.
中文翻译：
小胶质细胞在中枢神经系统中的促髓鞘再生特性。
小胶质细胞是中枢神经系统的常驻巨噬细胞，参与其发展，体内稳态以及对感染和损害的反应。小胶质细胞活化是神经系统疾病的常见特征，尽管在某些情况下这种活化可能是有害的，但已经揭示了小胶质细胞的保护和再生功能。再生功能最突出的例子是小胶质细胞在损伤后支持髓磷脂再生中的作用，这一过程对轴突健康至关重要，并且与许多疾病相关，髓磷脂完整性丧失是普遍特征，例如多发性硬化症，阿尔茨海默氏病和运动神经元疾病。尽管旨在促进髓鞘再生的药物正在进入临床试验，控制髓鞘再生的机制以及涉及的小胶质细胞尚不完全清楚。在这篇综述中，我们讨论的工作已经确定了新的小胶质细胞激活调节因子，包括分子驱动因子，种群异质性和周转率，这些调节因子可能会影响其促髓鞘再生能力。我们还将讨论靶向治疗小胶质细胞作为促进髓鞘再生的潜在方法。
更新日期：2019-07-01
中文翻译：
小胶质细胞在中枢神经系统中的促髓鞘再生特性。
小胶质细胞是中枢神经系统的常驻巨噬细胞，参与其发展，体内稳态以及对感染和损害的反应。小胶质细胞活化是神经系统疾病的常见特征，尽管在某些情况下这种活化可能是有害的，但已经揭示了小胶质细胞的保护和再生功能。再生功能最突出的例子是小胶质细胞在损伤后支持髓磷脂再生中的作用，这一过程对轴突健康至关重要，并且与许多疾病相关，髓磷脂完整性丧失是普遍特征，例如多发性硬化症，阿尔茨海默氏病和运动神经元疾病。尽管旨在促进髓鞘再生的药物正在进入临床试验，控制髓鞘再生的机制以及涉及的小胶质细胞尚不完全清楚。在这篇综述中，我们讨论的工作已经确定了新的小胶质细胞激活调节因子，包括分子驱动因子，种群异质性和周转率，这些调节因子可能会影响其促髓鞘再生能力。我们还将讨论靶向治疗小胶质细胞作为促进髓鞘再生的潜在方法。
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