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A Breakdown in Metabolic Reprogramming Causes Microglia Dysfunction in Alzheimer's Disease.
Cell Metabolism ( IF 27.7 ) Pub Date : 2019-06-27 , DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.06.005
Sung Hoon Baik 1 , Seokjo Kang 1 , Woochan Lee 2 , Hayoung Choi 1 , Sunwoo Chung 1 , Jong-Il Kim 2 , Inhee Mook-Jung 1
Affiliation  

Reactive microglia are a major pathological feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the exact role of microglia in AD pathogenesis is still unclear. Here, using metabolic profiling, we found that exposure to amyloid-β triggers acute microglial inflammation accompanied by metabolic reprogramming from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis. It was dependent on the mTOR-HIF-1α pathway. However, once activated, microglia reached a chronic tolerant phase as a result of broad defects in energy metabolisms and subsequently diminished immune responses, including cytokine secretion and phagocytosis. Using genome-wide RNA sequencing and multiphoton microscopy techniques, we further identified metabolically defective microglia in 5XFAD mice, an AD mouse model. Finally, we showed that metabolic boosting with recombinant interferon-γ treatment reversed the defective glycolytic metabolism and inflammatory functions of microglia, thereby mitigating the AD pathology of 5XFAD mice. Collectively, metabolic reprogramming is crucial for microglial functions in AD, and modulating metabolism might be a new therapeutic strategy for AD.

中文翻译:

代谢重编程的崩溃导致阿尔茨海默氏病的小胶质细胞功能障碍。

反应性小胶质细胞是阿尔茨海默氏病(AD)的主要病理特征。但是,小胶质细胞在AD发病机理中的确切作用仍不清楚。在这里,我们使用代谢谱分析发现,暴露于淀粉样蛋白-β会引发急性小胶质细胞炎症,并伴有从氧化磷酸化到糖酵解的代谢重编程。它取决于mTOR-HIF-1α途径。然而,一旦激活,由于能量代谢的广泛缺陷,小胶质细胞就会进入慢性耐受期,随后免疫应答减弱,包括细胞因子分泌和吞噬作用。使用全基因组RNA测序和多光子显微镜技术,我们进一步在5XFAD小鼠(AD小鼠模型)中发现了代谢缺陷的小胶质细胞。最后,我们发现重组干扰素-γ处理可促进新陈代谢,从而逆转小胶质细胞的不良糖酵解代谢和炎性功能,从而减轻5XFAD小鼠的AD病理。总体而言,代谢重编程对于AD中的小胶质细胞功能至关重要,调节代谢可能是AD的新治疗策略。
更新日期:2019-09-30
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