Abstract Researches on new 2D materials have been intensively performed over the years, strongly motivated by graphene's outstanding properties. One of the most promising classes of 2D materials under investigation is the MXenes, which are compounds obtained through chemical delamination of ternary (or quaternary) layered carbides or nitrides. MXene family possesses unique properties derived from their complex bonding (a mixture of metallic and covalent bonds) and electronic structures, atomic stacking, synthesis routes and surface terminal groups. Despite the growing interest in these materials, there is a lack of systematic information on MXenes. This manuscript aimed to review and comment the most relevant fundamental and technological aspects of MXenes, ranging from structural and electronic characteristics of these compounds, their relevant properties and potential applications and devices. The main properties and features described in the following sections, assessed by both experimental and theoretical approaches, allow a critical analysis of the current status, trends, and potentialities of MXenes, such as their use in energy related applications, electronic and photonic devices, reinforcements of composites, and biomedical applications.

中文翻译：

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MXenes 的合成、结构、性质和应用：现状与展望

摘要 多年来，在石墨烯出色性能的强烈推动下，对新型 2D 材料的研究已经深入开展。正在研究的最有前途的一类二维材料是 MXenes，它是通过三元（或四元）层状碳化物或氮化物的化学分层获得的化合物。MXene 家族具有独特的特性，这些特性源自其复杂的键合（金属键和共价键的混合物）和电子结构、原子堆叠、合成路线和表面端基。尽管人们对这些材料越来越感兴趣，但缺乏关于 MXenes 的系统信息。这份手稿旨在审查和评论 MXenes 最相关的基础和技术方面，包括这些化合物的结构和电子特性，它们的相关特性和潜在的应用和设备。以下部分描述的主要特性和特征，通过实验和理论方法进行评估，允许对 MXenes 的当前状态、趋势和潜力进行批判性分析，例如它们在能源相关应用、电子和光子器件、增强材料中的使用复合材料和生物医学应用。