佐治亚州东部靛蓝蛇（Drymarchon couperi）人群中的蚜虫病患病率高。,PLOS ONE

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佐治亚州东部靛蓝蛇（Drymarchon couperi）人群中的蚜虫病患病率高。
PLOS ONE ( IF 2.9 ) Pub Date : 2019-06-12 , DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218351
Houston C Chandler ₁ , Matthew C Allender _{2,

3} , Benjamin S Stegenga ₁ , Ellen Haynes ₂ , Emilie Ospina ₂ , Dirk J Stevenson ₁

Affiliation

近年来，野生动物疾病对许多物种的保护提出了重大挑战。疾病与大面积地理区域的人口减少有关，严重的疾病暴发导致野生种群的局部灭绝或完全灭绝。蚜虫病，通常称为蛇真菌病，是由Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola真菌引起的，该病菌已在美国东部和南部的蛇种群中得到记录。我们从受联邦威胁的东部靛蓝蛇（Drymarchon couperi）收集了棉签样本，该种群遍及该物种的佐治亚州范围。我们使用定量PCR来确定O. ophiodiicola DNA的存在，并记录了ophidiomycosis的皮肤异常特征。从2016年9月1日到2018年8月4日，Eastern Indigo Snakes在107次中有47次检出O. ophiodiicola DNA阳性（43.9％），而在真菌DNA上检出阴性，但有42次皮肤病与ophidiomycosis一致（39.3％）。与11月和12月相比，在一月和二月期间更容易遇到有症状和qPCR阳性的人。我们发现性别（p = 0.517），年龄段（p = 0.106）或身体大小（snout通气管长度：p = 0.083;质量：p = 0.206;身体状况：p = 0.063）没有影响。在为期两年的研究中，我们遇到了感染明显对整体健康造成负面影响的个体，并且还记录了明显从一年到次年清除感染的个体。这些结果表明，O。在乔治亚州的东部靛蓝蛇种群中，卵磷脂和卵菌病的特征性病变很普遍。然而，关于该疾病有许多悬而未决的问题，包括疾病对人群和个体的影响，感染载体的存在以及流行率随时间的变化。需要进行更多的研究来解决癣菌病，并了解其对正在进行的保护工作的影响。

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Ophidiomycosis prevalence in Georgia's Eastern Indigo Snake (Drymarchon couperi) populations.

Wildlife diseases have posed a significant challenge to the conservation of many species in recent years. Diseases have been implicated in population declines over large geographic areas, with severe disease outbreaks leading to either local or complete extinctions of wild populations. Ophidiomycosis, commonly known as snake fungal disease, is caused by the fungus Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola, which has been documented in snake populations across the eastern and southern United States. We collected swab samples from the federally threatened Eastern Indigo Snake (Drymarchon couperi) in populations across the species' Georgia range. We used quantitative PCR to determine the presence of O. ophiodiicola DNA and also recorded skin abnormalities characteristic of ophidiomycosis. From 1 September 2016 to 4 August 2018, Eastern Indigo Snakes tested positive for O. ophiodiicola DNA on 47 of 107 occasions (43.9%) and tested negative for fungal DNA but had skin lesions consistent with ophidiomycosis on 42 occasions (39.3%). Symptomatic and qPCR positive individuals were more likely to be encountered during January and February when compared to November and December. We found no effect of sex (p = 0.517), age-class (p = 0.106), or body size (snout-vent length: p = 0.083; mass: p = 0.206; body condition: p = 0.063) on ophidiomycosis status. Over the two-year study, we encountered individuals in which infection was clearly negatively impacting overall health and also documented individuals in which infection apparently cleared from one year to the next. These results demonstrate that O. ophiodiicola and lesions characteristic of ophidiomycosis are widespread in Georgia's Eastern Indigo Snake populations. However, there are many unanswered questions regarding this disease, including the effects of disease on populations and individuals, the presence of infection vectors, and the change in prevalence over time. More research is needed to address ophidiomycosis and understand its impacts on ongoing conservation efforts.

更新日期：2019-06-13

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