四面体,Chinese Journal of Chemistry

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四面体
Chinese Journal of Chemistry ( IF 5.5 ) Pub Date : 2019-06-28 , DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201900187
Lin Wu _{1,

2} , Yusheng Chen ₂ , Jingfang Pei _{1,

2} , Min Tang _{1,

2} , Shangshang Wang _{1,

2} , Zhichang Liu ₂

Affiliation

连接三角形的底部和顶点形成最简单的多面体，即四面体。由于它们的结构简单性和稳定性，它们是两种常见的四面体类别，即M ₄ L ₄和M ₄ L ₆（M表示阴离子或金属阳离子，L表示对于M ₄ L ₄和C ₂对称性具有C ₃对称性的配体用于M ₄ L ₆，分别）-可以通过超分子或配位组装轻松地由（i）六个直边通过边桥策略或（ii）四个三角形面通过面盖策略构造。四面体内部的固有腔使它们能够用作封装各种客体的多功能主体，从而导致了广泛的应用，包括分子识别，催化，传感等。在这篇综述中，我们打算专门总结在多孔四面体笼子领域中所做的工作。它包括制备四面体的代表性合成策略，以及它们的结构特征的概述。之后，我们将重点介绍四面体的各种功能的最新进展，

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Tetrahedron

Connecting a triangle base and an apex forms a simplest polyhedron—that is, a tetrahedron. On account of their structural simplicity and stability, two common classes of tetrahedra—namely, M₄L₄ and M₄L₆ (M indicates anions or metal cations, L indicates ligands with C₃ symmetry for M₄L₄ and C₂ symmetry for M₄L₆, respectively)—can be readily constructed from (i) six straight edges through an edge‐bridged strategy or (ii) four triangle faces through a face‐capped strategy, by means of supramolecular or coordination assembly. The intrinsic cavities inside tetrahedra enable them to act as versatile hosts for encapsulating a variety of guests, which leads to a wide range of applications including molecular recognition, catalysis, sensing and so on. In this review, we intend to summarize specifically the work carried out in the realm of porous tetrahedral cages. It includes representative synthetic strategies for the preparation of tetrahedra along with a general summary on their structural features. Thereafter, we will highlight the state‐of‐the‐art progress in various functions of tetrahedra, in addition to presenting a full overview of applications wherein we aim to provide new insights into the design and preparation of new topological geometric structures and functional materials on the basis of the simplest polyhedron—tetrahedron.

更新日期：2019-06-28

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