Difference in Electrochemical Mechanism of SnO2 Conversion in Lithium-Ion and Sodium-Ion Batteries: Combined in Operando and Ex Situ XAS Investigations,ACS Omega

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Difference in Electrochemical Mechanism of SnO2 Conversion in Lithium-Ion and Sodium-Ion Batteries: Combined in Operando and Ex Situ XAS Investigations
ACS Omega ( IF 3.7 ) Pub Date : 2019-06-04 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b00563
Ditty Dixon ₁ , Marta Ávila ₂ , Helmut Ehrenberg ₁ , Aiswarya Bhaskar _{1,

3}

Affiliation

Conversion and alloying type negative electrodes attracted huge attention in the present research on lithium/sodium-ion batteries (LIBs/SIBs) due to the high capacity delivered. Among these, SnO₂ is investigated intensively in LIBs due to high cyclability, low reaction potential, cost-effectiveness, and environmental friendliness. Most of the LIB electrodes are explored in SIBs too due to expected similar electrochemical performance. Though several LIB negative electrode materials successfully worked in SIBs, bare SnO₂ shows very poor electrochemical performance in SIB. The reason for this difference is investigated here through combined in operando and ex situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). For this, the electrodes of SnO₂ (space group P4₂/mnm synthesized via one-pot hydrothermal method) were cycled in Na-ion and Li-ion half-cells. The Na/SnO₂ half-cell delivered a much lower discharge capacity than the Li/SnO₂ half-cell. In addition, higher irreversibility was observed for Na/SnO₂ half-cell during electrochemical investigations compared to that for Li/SnO₂ half-cell. In operando XAS investigations on the Na/SnO₂ half-cell confirms incomplete conversion and alloying reactions in the Na/SnO₂ half-cell, resulting in poor electrochemical performance. The difference in the lithiation and sodiation mechanisms of SnO₂ is discussed in detail.

中文翻译：

锂离子和钠离子电池中SnO ₂转化的电化学机理差异：结合Operando和非原位XAS研究

由于锂/钠离子电池（LIB / SIB）的高容量，转换和合金化负极在本研究中引起了极大的关注。其中，由于高可循环性，低反应潜力，成本效益和环境友好性，在LIB中对SnO ₂进行了深入研究。由于预期的相似的电化学性能，大多数LIB电极也在SIB中进行了研究。尽管几种LIB负极材料已成功在SIB中工作，但裸露的SnO ₂在SIB中显示出非常差的电化学性能。在此通过操作和非原位X射线吸收光谱法（XAS）的组合研究了这种差异的原因。为此，SnO的电极在Na离子和Li离子半电池中循环₂（通过一锅水热法合成的空间群P 4 ₂ / mnm）。Na / SnO ₂半电池的放电容量比Li / SnO ₂半电池低得多。另外，与Li / SnO ₂半电池相比，在电化学研究期间，Na / SnO ₂半电池具有更高的不可逆性。在operando上的Na /的SnO XAS调查₂半电池确认不完全转化和合金化反应以Na /的SnO ₂半电池，导致电化学性能差。详细讨论了SnO ₂的锂化和碱化机理的差异。

更新日期：2019-06-04

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