Although many studies that have examined the relationship of type and amount of food and the frequency of eating with new onset of diabetes, there are few reports on the relationship between how meals are eaten, such as skipping breakfast, snacking or food ingestion speed, and the onset of diabetes. We investigated the relationship between eating speed, as well as other eating habits such as snacking and skip breakfast, and new onset of diabetes in a nation-wide Japanese cohort. We obtained data from the nation-wide annual health check program in Japan. In 197,825 participants without diabetes in 2008, questionnaires recorded data on the diet habits (eating speed, snack after supper or before sleep, and skipping breakfast) and unadjusted and multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models were used to measure the odds ratio of new-onset diabetes mellitus in a 3-year follow up. The proportion of fast eaters, those who snack after supper, snack before sleep, and skip breakfast was higher in the new-onset diabetes group than in the group who did not develop diabetes mellitus. As compared with the non-fast eater group, fast eaters were generally younger, had higher BMI, had more weight gain from 20 years onwards, and experienced frequent weight fluctuations of ≥3 kg within 1 year. The risk of fast eaters developing diabetes mellitus remained even after correction for multiple factors including age, body weight, rate of weight change, blood pressure, smoking, and alcohol consumption. No other eating habits were independent predictors for onset of diabetes mellitus. Results show that fast eating is a sole predisposing factor among eating habits for new-onset diabetes. Future studies were warranted to evaluate whether avoidance of fast eating is beneficial for prevention of diabetes mellitus.

尽管许多研究检查了食物的类型和数量以及进食频率与新发糖尿病的关系，但很少有关于进餐方式之间关系的报道，例如不吃早餐，吃零食或食物摄取速度，以及糖尿病的发作。我们调查了全日本人群中饮食速度以及其他饮食习惯（如零食和不吃早餐）与糖尿病新发之间的关系。我们从日本全国性的年度健康检查计划中获取了数据。在2008年的197,825名没有糖尿病的参与者中，问卷记录了有关饮食习惯的数据（饮食速度，晚饭后或睡觉前的零食，并跳过早餐），并使用未经调整和经过多变量调整的逻辑回归模型来衡量3年随访中新发糖尿病的几率。在新发糖尿病组中，速食者，晚饭后吃零食，睡眠前吃零食和不吃早餐的人的比例高于未患糖尿病的人。与非速食者相比，速食者通常更年轻，BMI更高，从20岁开始体重增加更多，并且在1年内经历了≥3kg的频繁体重波动。即使对年龄，体重，体重变化率，血压，吸烟和饮酒等多种因素进行校正后，仍会存在速食者罹患糖尿病的风险。没有其他饮食习惯是糖尿病发作的独立预测因子。结果表明，快速饮食是新发糖尿病饮食习惯中的唯一诱因。有必要进行进一步的研究，以评估避免进食速食是否对预防糖尿病有益。