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Direct Reprogramming of Human Neurons Identifies MARCKSL1 as a Pathogenic Mediator of Valproic Acid-Induced Teratogenicity.
Cell Stem Cell ( IF 19.8 ) Pub Date : 2019-05-30 , DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2019.04.021
Soham Chanda 1 , Cheen Euong Ang 2 , Qian Yi Lee 2 , Michael Ghebrial 3 , Daniel Haag 3 , Yohei Shibuya 3 , Marius Wernig 3 , Thomas C Südhof 4
Affiliation  

Human pluripotent stem cells can be rapidly converted into functional neurons by ectopic expression of proneural transcription factors. Here we show that directly reprogrammed neurons, despite their rapid maturation kinetics, can model teratogenic mechanisms that specifically affect early neurodevelopment. We delineated distinct phases ofin vitromaturation during reprogramming of human neurons and assessed the cellular phenotypes of valproic acid (VPA), a teratogenic drug. VPA exposure caused chronic impairment of dendritic morphology and functional properties of developing neurons, but not those of mature neurons. These pathogenic effects were associated with VPA-mediated inhibition of the histone deacetylase (HDAC) and glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) pathways, which caused transcriptional downregulation of many genes, including MARCKSL1, an actin-stabilizing protein essential for dendritic morphogenesis and synapse maturation during early neurodevelopment. Our findings identify a developmentally restricted pathogenic mechanism of VPA and establish the use of reprogrammed neurons as an effective platform for modeling teratogenic pathways.

中文翻译:

人类神经元的直接重编程确定MARCKSL1是丙戊酸诱导的致畸性的病原体。

人类多能干细胞可以通过异位表达的前体转录因子迅速转化为功能性神经元。在这里,我们显示了直接重编程的神经元,尽管它们具有快速的成熟动力学,但它们可以模拟特别影响早期神经发育的致畸机制。我们描述了人类神经元重编程过程中体外成熟的不同阶段,并评估了丙戊酸(VPA)(一种致畸药物)的细胞表型。VPA暴露会导致发育中的神经元的树突形态和功能特性受到慢性损害,但对成熟神经元的树突形态和功能特性却没有造成损害。这些致病作用与VPA介导的组蛋白脱乙酰基酶(HDAC)和糖原合酶激酶3(GSK-3)途径的抑制有关,这些途径导致许多基因(包括MARCKSL1)的转录下调,一种稳定的肌动蛋白,对早期神经发育过程中的树突形态发生和突触成熟至关重要。我们的发现确定了VPA的致病性致病机制,并确定了重编程神经元的使用作为建模致畸途径的有效平台。
更新日期:2019-05-31
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