This study focused on developing surrogate indicators for predicting oxidation of phenolic groups in dissolved organic matter (DOM), suppression of halophenols' formation potential and abatement of estrogenic activity during ozonation of water and wastewater. The evolution of pH-dependent differential absorbance spectra suggests that O₃ preferentially reacts with the DOM phenolic moieties and less so with the aromatic carboxylic groups with increasing O₃/DOC (dissolved organic carbon) ratios and changes of UV absorbance and fluorescence. When ozonation used as pretreatment, the formation of halophenols in subsequent chlorination decreased linearly with increasing O₃ doses or changes of UV absorbance until it reached 85% suppression of the halophenols' formation from unaltered DOM. The thresholds of decreases of UVA254, UVA280 and humic-like fluorescence corresponding to 85% suppression of halophenols’ formation were in the range of 25%–30%, 30%–35% and 30%–45%, respectively. Pre-ozonation also showed a moderate suppression of haloacetic acids (HAAs) formation potentials, ≤26.5% for reverse osmosis isolate of Suwannee River natural organic matter and ≤31.5% for Yangtze River at applied O₃ doses. Measurement of changes of estrogenic activity during ozonation of water and wastewater showed that to attain a >90% abatement of estrogenic activity, the corresponding thresholds of decreases of UVA254, UVA280 and humic-like fluorescence were ∼30%, ∼40%, and ∼70%, respectively. Bromate formation was also suppressed to below 10 μg/L before these thresholds. This study suggests that optimal ozonation conditions and a balance between control of disinfection byproducts (halophenols, HAAs and bromate) and elimination of estrogenic activity can be reached based on online data.

这项研究的重点是开发替代指标，以预测溶解有机物（DOM）中酚基的氧化，抑制卤代酚的形成潜力以及在水和废水臭氧化过程中减少雌激素活性。pH依赖的差分吸收光谱的演变表明，随着O ₃ / DOC（溶解的有机碳）比率增加以及UV吸收率和荧光的变化，O ₃优先与DOM酚类部分发生反应，而与芳香族羧基发生的反应则较少。当臭氧化用作预处理时，随后的氯化反应中卤代酚的形成随O _3的增加呈线性下降剂量或紫外线吸收率的变化，直到达到未改变DOM对卤代酚形成抑制的85％为止。UVA254，UVA280和类腐殖质荧光的减少阈值分别对应于抑制85％卤代酚的形成，分别在25％–30％，30％–35％和30％–45％的范围内。预臭氧化还显示出对卤乙酸（HAA）形成潜能的中等抑制作用，在施加O _{3的情况下}，苏万尼河天然有机物的反渗透分离物≤26.5％，长江≤31.5％。剂量。测量水和废水臭氧化过程中雌激素活性的变化表明，要实现> 90％的雌激素活性降低，相应的UVA254，UVA280和腐殖质荧光下降的阈值分别为〜30％，〜40％和〜分别为70％。在这些阈值之前，溴酸盐的形成也被抑制到低于10μg/ L。这项研究表明，基于在线数据，可以达到最佳的臭氧化条件以及控制消毒副产物（卤代酚，HAAs和溴酸盐）与消除雌激素活性之间的平衡。