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Mechanistic Insight into the Antibacterial Activity of Chitosan Exfoliated MoS2 Nanosheets: Membrane Damage, Metabolic Inactivation, and Oxidative Stress
ACS Applied Bio Materials ( IF 4.6 ) Pub Date : 2019-06-07 , DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00124 Shounak Roy 1 , Anupam Mondal 1 , Varnika Yadav 1 , Ankita Sarkar 1 , Ruptanu Banerjee 1 , Pallab Sanpui 2 , Amit Jaiswal 1
ACS Applied Bio Materials ( IF 4.6 ) Pub Date : 2019-06-07 , DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00124 Shounak Roy 1 , Anupam Mondal 1 , Varnika Yadav 1 , Ankita Sarkar 1 , Ruptanu Banerjee 1 , Pallab Sanpui 2 , Amit Jaiswal 1
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Two-dimensional molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) based nanosheets functionalized or loaded with an antimicrobial agent have recently attracted attention as highly efficient antibacterial agent. MoS2 sheets act as the photothermal transducers in inducing bacterial cell death on impingement of NIR radiation or enabled cell inactivation by wrapping around the cells. However, the intrinsic ability of MoS2 to act as an effective antibacterial agent without the use of any external stimuli or antimicrobial agent is still not well explored. This study provides a detailed mechanism of antibacterial action of chitosan exfoliated MoS2 nanosheets (CS-MoS2) by deciphering the key events happening both at the membrane surface and inside the bacteria as a result of interaction of bacterial cells with the nanosheets. A simple, green, one-step process was employed for synthesizing stable and positively charged MoS2 nanosheets. The prepared nanosheets showed excellent bactericidal activity against both Gram-positive (MIC = 90 μg/mL, MBC = 120 μg/mL) and Gram-negative bacteria (MIC = 30 μg/mL, MBC = 60 μg/mL). Investigations into deciphering the mechanism of action revealed that the CS-MoS2 nanosheets interacted strongly with the bacterial cells through electrostatic interactions and caused rapid depolarization of the membranes through dent formations. On account of strong van der Waals and electrostatic forces occurring between the CS-MoS2 nanosheets and membrane phospholipid molecules, deepening of dents occurred, which resulted in complete membrane disruption and leakage of cytoplasmic contents. This led to inactivation of the bacterial respiratory pathway through inhibition of dehydrogenase enzymes and induced metabolic arrest in the cells. Simultaneously, disruption of the antioxidant defense system of the cells by increased levels of intracellular ROS subjected the cells to oxidative damage and added to the overall bactericidal action. The nanosheets also displayed antibiofilm properties and were found to be compatible with mammalian cells even at high concentrations.
中文翻译：
壳聚糖剥离二硫化钼纳米片抗菌活性的机理研究：膜损伤、代谢失活和氧化应激
功能化或负载有抗菌剂的二维二硫化钼（MoS 2）基纳米片最近作为高效抗菌剂引起了人们的关注。MoS 2片材充当光热传感器，在 NIR 辐射的冲击下诱导细菌细胞死亡或通过包裹细胞而使细胞失活。然而，MoS 2在不使用任何外部刺激或抗菌剂的情况下作为有效抗菌剂的内在能力仍未得到很好的探索。本研究提供了壳聚糖剥离 MoS 2纳米片 (CS-MoS 2 ) 抗菌作用的详细机制。）通过破译由于细菌细胞与纳米片相互作用而在膜表面和细菌内部发生的关键事件。采用简单、绿色、一步法合成稳定且带正电的 MoS 2纳米片。制备的纳米片对革兰氏阳性菌（MIC = 90 μg/mL，MBC = 120 μg/mL）和革兰氏阴性菌（MIC = 30 μg/mL，MBC = 60 μg/mL）均表现出优异的杀菌活性。对破译作用机制的研究表明，CS-MoS 2纳米片通过静电相互作用与细菌细胞强烈相互作用，并通过凹痕的形成导致膜的快速去极化。由于强范德华力和 CS-MoS 之间发生的静电力2纳米片和膜磷脂分子，出现凹痕加深，导致膜完全破裂和细胞质内容物泄漏。这通过抑制脱氢酶导致细菌呼吸途径失活并诱导细胞中的代谢停滞。同时，细胞内 ROS 水平的增加破坏了细胞的抗氧化防御系统，使细胞受到氧化损伤，并增加了整体杀菌作用。纳米片还显示出抗生物膜特性，并且发现即使在高浓度下也与哺乳动物细胞相容。
更新日期：2019-06-11
中文翻译：
壳聚糖剥离二硫化钼纳米片抗菌活性的机理研究：膜损伤、代谢失活和氧化应激
功能化或负载有抗菌剂的二维二硫化钼（MoS 2）基纳米片最近作为高效抗菌剂引起了人们的关注。MoS 2片材充当光热传感器，在 NIR 辐射的冲击下诱导细菌细胞死亡或通过包裹细胞而使细胞失活。然而，MoS 2在不使用任何外部刺激或抗菌剂的情况下作为有效抗菌剂的内在能力仍未得到很好的探索。本研究提供了壳聚糖剥离 MoS 2纳米片 (CS-MoS 2 ) 抗菌作用的详细机制。）通过破译由于细菌细胞与纳米片相互作用而在膜表面和细菌内部发生的关键事件。采用简单、绿色、一步法合成稳定且带正电的 MoS 2纳米片。制备的纳米片对革兰氏阳性菌（MIC = 90 μg/mL，MBC = 120 μg/mL）和革兰氏阴性菌（MIC = 30 μg/mL，MBC = 60 μg/mL）均表现出优异的杀菌活性。对破译作用机制的研究表明，CS-MoS 2纳米片通过静电相互作用与细菌细胞强烈相互作用，并通过凹痕的形成导致膜的快速去极化。由于强范德华力和 CS-MoS 之间发生的静电力2纳米片和膜磷脂分子，出现凹痕加深，导致膜完全破裂和细胞质内容物泄漏。这通过抑制脱氢酶导致细菌呼吸途径失活并诱导细胞中的代谢停滞。同时，细胞内 ROS 水平的增加破坏了细胞的抗氧化防御系统，使细胞受到氧化损伤，并增加了整体杀菌作用。纳米片还显示出抗生物膜特性，并且发现即使在高浓度下也与哺乳动物细胞相容。
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