Regulation of immune responses by tuft cells.,Nature Reviews Immunology

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Regulation of immune responses by tuft cells.
Nature Reviews Immunology ( IF 67.7 ) Pub Date : 2019-09-01 , DOI: 10.1038/s41577-019-0176-x
Christoph Schneider ₁ , Claire E O'Leary ₁ , Richard M Locksley _{1,

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Affiliation

Tuft cells are rare, secretory epithelial cells that generated scant immunological interest until contemporaneous reports in 2016 linked tuft cells with type 2 immunity in the small intestine. Tuft cells have the capacity to produce an unusual spectrum of biological effector molecules, including IL-25, eicosanoids implicated in allergy (such as cysteinyl leukotrienes and prostaglandin D2) and the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. In most cases, the extracellular signals controlling tuft cell effector function are unknown, but signal transduction is thought to proceed via canonical, G protein-coupled receptor-dependent pathways involving components of the signalling pathway used by type II taste bud cells to sense sweet, bitter and umami compounds. Tuft cells are ideally positioned as chemosensory sentinels that can detect and relay information from diverse luminal substances via what appear to be stereotyped outputs to initiate both positive and aversive responses through populations of immune and neuronal cells. Despite recent insights, numerous questions remain regarding tuft cell lineage, diversity and effector mechanisms and how tuft cells interface with the immunological niche in the tissues where they reside.

中文翻译：

簇状细胞对免疫反应的调节。

簇绒细胞是罕见的分泌性上皮细胞，在 2016 年的同时期报告将簇绒细胞与小肠中的 2 型免疫联系起来之前，它们很少产生免疫学兴趣。簇绒细胞具有产生不同寻常的生物效应分子谱的能力，包括 IL-25、与过敏有关的类花生酸（如半胱氨酰白三烯和前列腺素 D2）和神经递质乙酰胆碱。在大多数情况下，控制簇状细胞效应器功能的细胞外信号是未知的，但信号转导被认为是通过典型的 G 蛋白偶联受体依赖性途径进行的，这些途径涉及 II 型味蕾细胞用来感知甜味的信号通路的成分，苦味和鲜味化合物。簇绒细胞被理想地定位为化学感应哨兵，可以通过看似刻板的输出来检测和传递来自不同管腔物质的信息，从而通过免疫细胞和神经元细胞群引发积极和厌恶的反应。尽管最近有了一些见解，但关于簇细胞谱系、多样性和效应机制以及簇细胞如何与它们所在组织中的免疫生态位相互作用的问题仍然存在。

更新日期：2019-05-21

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