Exploring highly efficient, cost-effective and stable electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) based on naturally abundant elements is of great interest but still a challenge. As is generally known, molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂) represents a promising catalyst to replace the state of the-art platinum (Pt) for HER, but an effective way of applying it is yet unknown due to a significant resistance between basal planes. Herein, for the first time, a novel nanostructure with three-dimensional (3D) flower-like defected MoS₂ nanosheets grown directly on candle soot by magnetron sputtering with Ni foam as a supporter was developed, and it displayed excellent catalytic activity and stability. On the one hand, the bombardment of Ar ions in the deposition system could effectively etch the inert basal plane, leading to the formation of defects and steps to increase the active edge sites. On the other hand, the resistance of MoS₂-based electrocatalysts decreased due to the unique topographic structure and the existence of 1T-MoS₂ phase, and also the composite was superhydrophilic which is beneficial to the contact of the solid-liquid interface. The as-prepared 3D MoS₂/candle soot/Ni foam (NF + CS + MoS₂) composite has an overpotential of 56 mV at the current density of 10 mA cm^-2 and a small Tafel slope of 49 mV decade^-1. This present work provides new insight into the large-scale production of chemically active MoS₂-based catalysts for HER.

基于自然丰富的元素，探索高效，经济高效且稳定的氢析出反应（HER）电催化剂引起了人们的极大兴趣，但仍然是一个挑战。众所周知，二硫化钼（MoS ₂）代表了一种有前途的催化剂，可替代用于HER的最新铂（Pt）的状态，但由于基面之间的阻力较大，因此尚无有效的施用方法。在这里，第一次，具有三维（3D）花状缺陷的MoS ₂的新型纳米结构。研制了以镍泡沫为载体，通过磁控溅射在蜡烛烟ot上直接生长的纳米片，它具有优异的催化活性和稳定性。一方面，在沉积系统中轰击Ar离子可以有效地蚀刻惰性基底平面，从而导致缺陷的形成和增加活性边缘部位的步骤。另一方面，由于独特的形貌结构和1T-MoS ₂相的存在，基于MoS ₂的电催化剂的电阻降低，并且该复合物是超亲水的，这有利于固液界面的接触。准备好的3D MoS ₂ /烟灰/镍泡沫（NF + CS + MoS ₂）复合物在10 mA cm ^-2的电流密度下具有56 mV的过电势和49 mV ^-1的小Tafel斜率。这项工作为大规模生产用于HER的基于化学活性的MoS ₂的催化剂提供了新的见识。