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Antiwetting and Antifouling Janus Membrane for Desalination of Saline Oily Wastewater by Membrane Distillation
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces ( IF 8.3 ) Pub Date : 2019-05-06 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b04212 Chenxi Li 1 , Xuesong Li 1 , Xuewei Du 2 , Tiezheng Tong 2 , Tzahi Y. Cath 3 , Jongho Lee 1
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces ( IF 8.3 ) Pub Date : 2019-05-06 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b04212 Chenxi Li 1 , Xuesong Li 1 , Xuewei Du 2 , Tiezheng Tong 2 , Tzahi Y. Cath 3 , Jongho Lee 1
Affiliation
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In this study, we develop Janus membranes comprising a hydrophilic zwitterionic polymer layer and an omniphobic (all-liquid-repelling) porous substrate that simultaneously possess fouling and wetting resistances. An omniphobic membrane was first fabricated by attaching silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) to the fibers of a quartz fiber mat, creating multilevel re-entrant structures, followed by surface fluorination to reduce the surface energy. The Janus membrane was then fabricated by grafting a zwitterionic polymer brush layer via surface-initiated atom-transfer radical-polymerization (ATRP) on the omniphobic substrate. Membrane characterizations, including Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, fluorescence microscopy, and contact angle measurements, confirm that the surface hydrophilicity can be finely tuned by adjusting the duration of the ATRP reaction. Also, the zwitterionic polymer brush layer was confined on the top surface of the Janus membrane, rendering the surface hydrophilic, while the remaining part of the Janus membrane remained omniphobic, resisting the wicking of low-surface-tension liquids including ethanol and hexane. A static oil-fouling test showed that crude oil droplets irreversibly fouled an omniphobic membrane (without a hydrophilic top layer) in water. In contrast, oil droplets placed on the Janus membrane in air were immediately desorbed upon its immersion in water. Finally, we performed direct-contact membrane distillation (MD) experiments using a crude-oil-in-saline (NaCl) water emulsion as a feed solution, simulating highly saline oily wastewater. The Janus membrane exhibited superior wetting and fouling resistances, with a stable water flux and nearly perfect salt rejection, while an omniphobic membrane failed in the desalination process. Our work highlights the great potential of antiwetting and antifouling Janus membranes for water reclamation from challenging industrial wastewaters through MD.
中文翻译：
膜蒸馏法对含盐废水进行脱盐的防湿防污Janus膜
在这项研究中，我们开发了包含亲水性两性离子聚合物层和憎水（全液体排斥）多孔基材的Janus膜，它们同时具有耐污垢性和抗湿性。首先通过将二氧化硅纳米颗粒（SiNPs）附着到石英纤维毡的纤维上，形成多级凹角结构，然后进行表面氟化处理以减少表面能，从而制造出憎水膜。然后，通过在疏油性基材上通过表面引发的原子转移自由基聚合（ATRP）接枝两性离子聚合物刷层来制造Janus膜。膜表征，包括傅立叶变换红外光谱，荧光显微镜和接触角测量，确认可以通过调节ATRP反应的持续时间来微调表面亲水性。同样，两性离子聚合物刷层被限制在Janus膜的顶表面上，使表面亲水，而Janus膜的其余部分保持疏液性，抵抗包括乙醇和己烷在内的低表面张力液体的芯吸作用。静态油污测试表明，原油滴不可逆地污染了水中的憎油膜（无亲水顶层）。相反，空气中置于Janus膜上的油滴在浸入水中后立即解吸。最后，我们使用盐水中的原油（NaCl）水乳液作为进料溶液进行了直接接触膜蒸馏（MD）实验，以模拟高盐分的含油废水。Janus膜表现出优异的抗湿和防污性，具有稳定的水通量和近乎完美的除盐性能，而疏油膜则在脱盐过程中失效。我们的工作强调了防潮和防污Janus膜通过MD可以从具有挑战性的工业废水中进行水回收的巨大潜力。
更新日期：2019-05-06
中文翻译：
膜蒸馏法对含盐废水进行脱盐的防湿防污Janus膜
在这项研究中，我们开发了包含亲水性两性离子聚合物层和憎水（全液体排斥）多孔基材的Janus膜，它们同时具有耐污垢性和抗湿性。首先通过将二氧化硅纳米颗粒（SiNPs）附着到石英纤维毡的纤维上，形成多级凹角结构，然后进行表面氟化处理以减少表面能，从而制造出憎水膜。然后，通过在疏油性基材上通过表面引发的原子转移自由基聚合（ATRP）接枝两性离子聚合物刷层来制造Janus膜。膜表征，包括傅立叶变换红外光谱，荧光显微镜和接触角测量，确认可以通过调节ATRP反应的持续时间来微调表面亲水性。同样，两性离子聚合物刷层被限制在Janus膜的顶表面上，使表面亲水，而Janus膜的其余部分保持疏液性，抵抗包括乙醇和己烷在内的低表面张力液体的芯吸作用。静态油污测试表明，原油滴不可逆地污染了水中的憎油膜（无亲水顶层）。相反，空气中置于Janus膜上的油滴在浸入水中后立即解吸。最后，我们使用盐水中的原油（NaCl）水乳液作为进料溶液进行了直接接触膜蒸馏（MD）实验，以模拟高盐分的含油废水。Janus膜表现出优异的抗湿和防污性，具有稳定的水通量和近乎完美的除盐性能，而疏油膜则在脱盐过程中失效。我们的工作强调了防潮和防污Janus膜通过MD可以从具有挑战性的工业废水中进行水回收的巨大潜力。
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