Abstract TiO2/SiOx/carbon nanohybrid consisting of super-small sized TiO2 and SiOx nanoparticles is in situ formed within the in situ formed carbon matrix using difunctional methacrylate monomers as solvent and carbon source. The relative composition of TiO2 and SiOx is systematically tuned by varying the feeding mass ratio of the precursors (TEOS/TTIP) and HF etching treatment after the carbonization process. The super-small sized TiO2 and SiOx nanoparticles are well intermixed with each other and homogeneously dispersed throughout the carbon matrix, where a good control over crystallinity, morphology, and microstructure of the nanohybrids is achieved. Synergistic effects are demonstrated from both TiO2 and SiOx regarding the increased reversible capacity from the SiOx phase and maintenance of good cyclic stability by the TiO2 component when being used in lithium-ion batteries. A good balance is achieved in terms of reversible capacity, capacity retention, and rate performance in the TiO2/SiO2/C nanohybrid prepared with the TEOS/TTIP mass ratio of 1.0. The reversible capacities are improved by around two times compared to the SiOx free sample with a good capacity retention of 78 %, which exhibits good rate capability at the current densities up to 3350 mA g−1 as well.

中文翻译：

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TiO2/SiOx/碳纳米混合锂离子电池负极中超小尺寸TiO2和SiOx纳米颗粒的协同效应

摘要 TiO2/SiOx/碳纳米复合物由超小尺寸TiO2 和SiOx 纳米颗粒组成，采用双官能甲基丙烯酸酯单体作为溶剂和碳源，在原位形成的碳基体中原位形成。通过改变碳化过程后前体的进料质量比（TEOS/TTIP）和 HF 蚀刻处理，可以系统地调整 TiO2 和 SiOx 的相对组成。超小尺寸的 TiO2 和 SiOx 纳米颗粒相互混合并均匀分散在整个碳基质中，实现了对纳米杂化物的结晶度、形态和微观结构的良好控制。当用于锂离子电池时，TiO2 和 SiOx 的协同效应证明了 SiOx 相的可逆容量增加和 TiO2 组分保持良好的循环稳定性。在 TEOS/TTIP 质量比为 1.0 的条件下制备的 TiO2/SiO2/C 纳米杂化物在可逆容量、容量保持率和倍率性能方面取得了良好的平衡。与不含 SiOx 的样品相比，可逆容量提高了大约两倍，具有 78% 的良好容量保持率，在高达 3350 mA g-1 的电流密度下也表现出良好的倍率性能。