Epigenetics in Human Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes.,Cell Metabolism

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Epigenetics in Human Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes.
Cell Metabolism ( IF 27.7 ) Pub Date : 2019-04-11 , DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.03.009
Charlotte Ling ₁ , Tina Rönn ₁

Affiliation

Epigenetic mechanisms control gene activity and the development of an organism. The epigenome includes DNA methylation, histone modifications, and RNA-mediated processes, and disruption of this balance may cause several pathologies and contribute to obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). This Review summarizes epigenetic signatures obtained from human tissues of relevance for metabolism-i.e., adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, pancreatic islets, liver, and blood-in relation to obesity and T2D. Although this research field is still young, these comprehensive data support not only a role for epigenetics in disease development, but also epigenetic alterations as a response to disease. Genetic predisposition, as well as aging, contribute to epigenetic variability, and several environmental factors, including exercise and diet, further interact with the human epigenome. The reversible nature of epigenetic modifications holds promise for future therapeutic strategies in obesity and T2D.

中文翻译：

人类肥胖和2型糖尿病的表观遗传学。

表观遗传机制控制基因活性和生物的发育。表观基因组包括DNA甲基化，组蛋白修饰和RNA介导的过程，这种平衡的破坏可能会导致多种病理，并导致肥胖和2型糖尿病（T2D）。这篇综述总结了从人类组织中获得的与代谢相关的表观遗传学特征，即与肥胖和T2D有关的脂肪组织，骨骼肌，胰岛，肝脏和血液。尽管这个研究领域还很年轻，但是这些综合数据不仅支持表观遗传学在疾病发展中的作用，而且还支持表观遗传学改变作为对疾病的反应。遗传易感性和衰老会导致表观遗传变异，以及一些环境因素，包括运动和饮食，进一步与人类表观基因组相互作用。表观遗传修饰的可逆性质为肥胖症和T2D的未来治疗策略提供了希望。

更新日期：2019-05-16

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