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Self-Organized Nuclear Positioning Synchronizes the Cell Cycle in Drosophila Embryos.
Cell ( IF 45.5 ) Pub Date : 2019-04-11 , DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.03.007 Victoria E Deneke 1 , Alberto Puliafito 2 , Daniel Krueger 3 , Avaneesh V Narla 4 , Alessandro De Simone 1 , Luca Primo 2 , Massimo Vergassola 4 , Stefano De Renzis 3 , Stefano Di Talia 1
Cell ( IF 45.5 ) Pub Date : 2019-04-11 , DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.03.007 Victoria E Deneke 1 , Alberto Puliafito 2 , Daniel Krueger 3 , Avaneesh V Narla 4 , Alessandro De Simone 1 , Luca Primo 2 , Massimo Vergassola 4 , Stefano De Renzis 3 , Stefano Di Talia 1
Affiliation
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The synchronous cleavage divisions of early embryogenesis require coordination of the cell-cycle oscillator, the dynamics of the cytoskeleton, and the cytoplasm. Yet, it remains unclear how spatially restricted biochemical signals are integrated with physical properties of the embryo to generate collective dynamics. Here, we show that synchronization of the cell cycle in Drosophila embryos requires accurate nuclear positioning, which is regulated by the cell-cycle oscillator through cortical contractility and cytoplasmic flows. We demonstrate that biochemical oscillations are initiated by local Cdk1 inactivation and spread through the activity of phosphatase PP1 to generate cortical myosin II gradients. These gradients cause cortical and cytoplasmic flows that control proper nuclear positioning. Perturbations of PP1 activity and optogenetic manipulations of cortical actomyosin disrupt nuclear spreading, resulting in loss of cell-cycle synchrony. We conclude that mitotic synchrony is established by a self-organized mechanism that integrates the cell-cycle oscillator and embryo mechanics.
中文翻译：
自组织核定位同步果蝇胚胎中的细胞周期。
早期胚胎发生的同步切割分裂需要细胞周期振荡器，细胞骨架的动力学和细胞质的协调。然而，尚不清楚如何将受空间限制的生化信号与胚胎的物理特性整合在一起以产生集体动力。在这里，我们表明果蝇胚胎中细胞周期的同步需要精确的核定位，这由细胞周期振荡器通过皮层收缩力和细胞质流调节。我们证明了生化振荡是由局部Cdk1失活引发的，并通过磷酸酶PP1的活性扩散而产生皮质肌球蛋白II梯度。这些梯度导致控制适当的核定位的皮质和细胞质流。PP1活性的扰动和皮质放线菌素的光遗传学操作破坏了核扩散，导致细胞周期同步性丧失。我们得出结论，通过整合细胞周期振荡器和胚胎力学的自组织机制建立了有丝分裂同步。
更新日期：2019-04-11
中文翻译：
自组织核定位同步果蝇胚胎中的细胞周期。
早期胚胎发生的同步切割分裂需要细胞周期振荡器，细胞骨架的动力学和细胞质的协调。然而，尚不清楚如何将受空间限制的生化信号与胚胎的物理特性整合在一起以产生集体动力。在这里，我们表明果蝇胚胎中细胞周期的同步需要精确的核定位，这由细胞周期振荡器通过皮层收缩力和细胞质流调节。我们证明了生化振荡是由局部Cdk1失活引发的，并通过磷酸酶PP1的活性扩散而产生皮质肌球蛋白II梯度。这些梯度导致控制适当的核定位的皮质和细胞质流。PP1活性的扰动和皮质放线菌素的光遗传学操作破坏了核扩散，导致细胞周期同步性丧失。我们得出结论，通过整合细胞周期振荡器和胚胎力学的自组织机制建立了有丝分裂同步。
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