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Conventional land‐use intensification reduces species richness and increases production: A global meta‐analysis
Global Change Biology ( IF 10.8 ) Pub Date : 2019-04-09 , DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14606 Michael Beckmann 1 , Katharina Gerstner 2, 3 , Morodoluwa Akin‐Fajiye 4 , Silvia Ceaușu 5, 6 , Stephan Kambach 2, 3 , Nicole L. Kinlock 4 , Helen R. P. Phillips 2, 3, 7, 8 , Willem Verhagen 9 , Jessica Gurevitch 4 , Stefan Klotz 10 , Tim Newbold 11, 12 , Peter H. Verburg 9 , Marten Winter 2, 3 , Ralf Seppelt 1, 13
Global Change Biology ( IF 10.8 ) Pub Date : 2019-04-09 , DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14606 Michael Beckmann 1 , Katharina Gerstner 2, 3 , Morodoluwa Akin‐Fajiye 4 , Silvia Ceaușu 5, 6 , Stephan Kambach 2, 3 , Nicole L. Kinlock 4 , Helen R. P. Phillips 2, 3, 7, 8 , Willem Verhagen 9 , Jessica Gurevitch 4 , Stefan Klotz 10 , Tim Newbold 11, 12 , Peter H. Verburg 9 , Marten Winter 2, 3 , Ralf Seppelt 1, 13
Affiliation
Most current research on land‐use intensification addresses its potential to either threaten biodiversity or to boost agricultural production. However, little is known about the simultaneous effects of intensification on biodiversity and yield. To determine the responses of species richness and yield to conventional intensification, we conducted a global meta‐analysis synthesizing 115 studies which collected data for both variables at the same locations. We extracted 449 cases that cover a variety of areas used for agricultural (crops, fodder) and silvicultural (wood) production. We found that, across all production systems and species groups, conventional intensification is successful in increasing yield (grand mean + 20.3%), but it also results in a loss of species richness (−8.9%). However, analysis of sub‐groups revealed inconsistent results. For example, small intensification steps within low intensity systems did not affect yield or species richness. Within high‐intensity systems species losses were non‐significant but yield gains were substantial (+15.2%). Conventional intensification within medium intensity systems revealed the highest yield increase (+84.9%) and showed the largest loss in species richness (−22.9%). Production systems differed in their magnitude of richness response, with insignificant changes in silvicultural systems and substantial losses in crop systems (−21.2%). In addition, this meta‐analysis identifies a lack of studies that collect robust biodiversity (i.e. beyond species richness) and yield data at the same sites and that provide quantitative information on land‐use intensity. Our findings suggest that, in many cases, conventional land‐use intensification drives a trade‐off between species richness and production. However, species richness losses were often not significantly different from zero, suggesting even conventional intensification can result in yield increases without coming at the expense of biodiversity loss. These results should guide future research to close existing research gaps and to understand the circumstances required to achieve such win‐win or win‐no‐harm situations in conventional agriculture.
中文翻译:
传统土地利用集约化会减少物种丰富度并提高产量:全球荟萃分析
当前有关土地利用集约化的大多数研究都探讨了其潜在威胁生物多样性或促进农业生产的潜力。但是,关于同步集约化对生物多样性和产量的影响。为了确定物种丰富度和产量对常规集约化的响应,我们进行了一项全球荟萃分析,综合了115项研究,这些研究在相同位置收集了两个变量的数据。我们提取了449个案例,涉及农业(作物,饲料)和造林(木材)生产的各个领域。我们发现,在所有生产系统和物种组中,常规集约化均可成功提高产量(均值+ 20.3%),但同时也会导致物种丰富度下降(-8.9%)。但是,对亚组的分析显示出不一致的结果。例如,低强度系统中的小的强化步骤不会影响产量或物种丰富度。在高强度系统中,物种损失不明显,但产量增加可观(+ 15.2%)。在中等强度系统中的常规集约化显示出最高的增产(+ 84.9%),并显示出物种丰富度的最大损失(−22.9%)。生产系统的富裕程度不同,造林系统变化不明显,农作物系统损失惨重(-21.2%)。此外,这种荟萃分析表明,缺乏研究来收集强大的生物多样性(即物种丰富性以外)并在同一地点获得产量数据,并且无法提供有关土地利用强度的定量信息。我们的发现表明,在许多情况下,传统的土地利用集约化会在物种丰富度与生产之间做出权衡。然而,物种丰富度的损失通常与零没有显着差异,这表明即使常规集约化耕种也可以导致产量增加而不会以丧失生物多样性为代价。这些结果应指导未来的研究,以缩小现有的研究差距,并了解在常规农业中实现双赢或无害的局面。
更新日期:2019-04-09
中文翻译:
传统土地利用集约化会减少物种丰富度并提高产量:全球荟萃分析
当前有关土地利用集约化的大多数研究都探讨了其潜在威胁生物多样性或促进农业生产的潜力。但是,关于同步集约化对生物多样性和产量的影响。为了确定物种丰富度和产量对常规集约化的响应,我们进行了一项全球荟萃分析,综合了115项研究,这些研究在相同位置收集了两个变量的数据。我们提取了449个案例,涉及农业(作物,饲料)和造林(木材)生产的各个领域。我们发现,在所有生产系统和物种组中,常规集约化均可成功提高产量(均值+ 20.3%),但同时也会导致物种丰富度下降(-8.9%)。但是,对亚组的分析显示出不一致的结果。例如,低强度系统中的小的强化步骤不会影响产量或物种丰富度。在高强度系统中,物种损失不明显,但产量增加可观(+ 15.2%)。在中等强度系统中的常规集约化显示出最高的增产(+ 84.9%),并显示出物种丰富度的最大损失(−22.9%)。生产系统的富裕程度不同,造林系统变化不明显,农作物系统损失惨重(-21.2%)。此外,这种荟萃分析表明,缺乏研究来收集强大的生物多样性(即物种丰富性以外)并在同一地点获得产量数据,并且无法提供有关土地利用强度的定量信息。我们的发现表明,在许多情况下,传统的土地利用集约化会在物种丰富度与生产之间做出权衡。然而,物种丰富度的损失通常与零没有显着差异,这表明即使常规集约化耕种也可以导致产量增加而不会以丧失生物多样性为代价。这些结果应指导未来的研究,以缩小现有的研究差距,并了解在常规农业中实现双赢或无害的局面。